From the best-selling author of Thinking, Fast and Slow, the co-author of Nudge, and the author of You Are About to Make a Terrible Mistake! comes Noise, a revolutionary exploration of why people make bad judgments, and how to control both noise and cognitive bias.

Imagine that two doctors in the same city give different diagnoses to identical patients - or that two judges in the same courthouse give markedly different sentences to people who have committed the same crime. Suppose that different interviewers at the same firm make different decisions about indistinguishable job applicants - or that when a company is handling customer complaints, the resolution depends on who happens to answer the phone. Now imagine that the same doctor, the same judge, the same interviewer, or the same customer service agent makes different decisions depending on whether it is morning or afternoon, or Monday rather than Wednesday. These are examples of noise: variability in judgments that should be identical.

In Noise, Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony, and Cass R. Sunstein show the detrimental effects of noise in many fields, including medicine, law, economic forecasting, forensic science, bail, child protection, strategy, performance reviews, and personnel selection. Wherever there is judgment, there is noise. Yet, most of the time, individuals and organizations alike are unaware of it. They neglect noise. With a few simple remedies, people can reduce both noise and bias, and so make far better decisions.

Packed with original ideas, and offering the same kinds of research-based insights that made Thinking, Fast and Slow and Nudge groundbreaking New York Times best sellers, Noise explains how and why humans are so susceptible to noise in judgment - and what we can do about it.

丹尼爾·卡尼曼（Daniel Kahneman）

諾貝爾經濟學奬得主，美國總統自由勛章獲得者，全球暢銷書《思考，快與慢》作者，普林斯頓大學尤金·希金斯心理學（Eugene Higgins Professor of Psychology, Princeton University）榮譽退休教授，公共和國際事務學院（School of Public and International Affairs）教授，曾榮獲多項奬章，包括美國心理學學會頒贈的心理學終身貢獻奬。卡尼曼在心理學上的成就是挑戰判斷與決策的理性模式，被公認為“繼弗洛伊德之後，當代最偉大的心理學傢”。他的跨領域研究對經濟學、醫學、政治學、社會學、社會心理學、認知科學等領域都産生瞭深遠的影響，被譽為“行為經濟學之父”。

奧利維耶·西博尼（Olivier Sibony）

巴黎高等商學院（HEC Paris）教授，牛津大學賽德商學院（Saïd Business School, University of Oxford）外籍教授，曾在全球最大的戰略谘詢公司——麥肯锡谘詢公司（McKinsey & Company）擔任資深閤夥人長達25年時間。西博尼的研究領域為策略、決策、問題解決，力圖提升決策的品質，論文發錶在眾多優秀刊物之上，包括《哈佛商業評論》（Harvard Business Review）與《麻省理工學院斯隆管理評論》（MIT Sloan Management Review）。其中2011年6月，與卡尼曼閤著的文章Before You Make That Big Decision曾登上《哈佛商業評論》選集封麵。著有You Are About to Make a Terrible Mistake一書，緻力於揭示：偏差是如何影響我們的決策的，而我們又應該如何應對偏差。

卡斯·R. 桑斯坦（Cass R. Sunstein）

哈佛大學法學院教授，行為經濟學與公共政策研究項目創始人兼主任，主要研究領域為政策製定方麵。2009—2012年任美國白宮信息與監管事務辦公室（White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs）主任；2013—2014年加入白宮情報與通信技術審查小組（Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies）；2016—2017年加入美國國防部國防創新委員會（Defense Innovation Board）。著有多本《紐約時報》暢銷書，包括與理查德·泰勒閤著的《助推》（Nudge）、基於電影《星球大戰》（Star Wars）的法學著作《星球大戰的世界》（The World According to Star Wars），以及《助推2.0》（How Change Happens）等其他多本著作。