The Great Leveler pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025
Walter Scheidel is the Dickason Professor in the Humanities, professor of classics and history, and a Kennedy-Grossman Fellow in Human Biology at Stanford University. The author or editor of sixteen previous books, he has published widely on premodern social and economic history, demography, and comparative history. He lives in Palo Alto, California.
- 社会学
- 经济学
- 经济史
- 历史
- 不平等
- 政治社会学
- 社会
- 比较政治学
Are mass violence and catastrophes the only forces that can seriously decrease economic inequality? To judge by thousands of years of history, the answer is yes. Tracing the global history of inequality from the Stone Age to today, Walter Scheidel shows that inequality never dies peacefully. Periods of increased equality are usually born of carnage and disaster and are generally short-lived, disappearing with the return of peace and stability. The Great Leveler is the first book to chart the crucial role of violent shocks in reducing inequality over the full sweep of human history around the world.
Ever since humans began to farm, herd livestock, and pass on their assets to future generations, economic inequality has been a defining feature of civilization. Over thousands of years, only violent events have significantly lessened inequality. The "Four Horsemen" of leveling—mass-mobilization warfare, transformative revolutions, state collapse, and catastrophic plagues—have repeatedly destroyed the fortunes of the rich. Scheidel identifies and examines these processes, from the crises of the earliest civilizations to the cataclysmic world wars and communist revolutions of the twentieth century. Today, the violence that reduced inequality in the past seems to have diminished, and that is a good thing. But it casts serious doubt on the prospects for a more equal future.
An essential contribution to the debate about inequality, The Great Leveler provides important new insights about why inequality is so persistent—and why it is unlikely to decline anytime soon.
具体描述
读后感
这就是中国顶尖大学武汉大学的教授翻译的水平吗？真是毫无诚心，完全是应付差事。不值得购买，浪费钱。看看能否找到原版吧。 出版社拿到手也不再看一遍吗？毫无职业素养。 整本书除了序言，正文我猜都是机翻的。毕竟序言一般都是能让大家提前看到的，至于正文的话，反正买了才...
评分平衡器是什么？就是战争及瘟疫，特别是大规模的战争，如一战、二战；大规模长时间的战争，高动员率，促成社会平等观念及政府干预、税率、工会、集体协商等制度的出现；同时战争也不利于财富的积累，这个促进了平等。大规模的瘟疫，减少了劳动力，使劳动力相对于土地升值，促进...
评分 评分 评分这就是中国顶尖大学武汉大学的教授翻译的水平吗？真是毫无诚心，完全是应付差事。不值得购买，浪费钱。看看能否找到原版吧。 出版社拿到手也不再看一遍吗？毫无职业素养。 整本书除了序言，正文我猜都是机翻的。毕竟序言一般都是能让大家提前看到的，至于正文的话，反正买了才...
用户评价
这本来是一本让人想起马尔萨斯主义的著作，然而作者自己以一句“历史并不决定未来”，推挡开宿命论的标签。读史最有意思的是看到不曾看到过的关联，比如在全民动员战争与民主制度的推广之间，再次印证隐秘均衡的广泛存在——要提防那些美好愿望将带来什么不可预知的后果。
评分改变能够改变的，知识就是力量
评分促使社会平等的四股力量：战争、革命、灭国、瘟疫。导致社会不平等加剧的力量：社会稳定。
评分只有四类毁灭性灾难才能打破不平等，拉近阶级差距：1、大规模的瘟疫或流行病，如中世纪的黑死病；2、国家解体：如唐朝与罗马帝国的灭亡；3、大革命，如彻底推翻旧制度的俄国与中国革命；4、国际性战争：如大战期间通过大幅提高利息税与财产税，以及恶性通胀强制国民为战争牺牲，强行抹平贫富差距
评分很好 社会保持动态平衡靠的就是各方的调平
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