"The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism" (original Free Press edition 1951) is one of a number of works by the German sociologist Max Weber (1864-1920) published in English translation only long after his death, during a post-World-War II boom in Anglo-American interest in his writing. Such interest has recurred at irregular intervals since (one marked by this 1968 paperback reprinting), and Weber's major works, including technical and methodological studies, apparently have all been translated. Initially familiar to readers of English only for his theories on the relation between the Protestant (mainly Calvinist) world-view and the capitalist "rationalization" of economic life ("The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism"), Weber gradually has been revealed as an explorer of the nature of human societies in many times and places.
Sinologists have given his studies of China (here and in a few essays published elsewhere) a somewhat mixed reception. On the one hand, it was an important example of China being taken seriously as major civilization, illustrating basic trends in human social behavior, instead of an exotic footnote ("Oriental Despotism," "The Oriental Mode of Production"). A product of Bismarck's Germany, Weber was acutely aware of the effects of bureaucracy, centralization of authority, and economic rationalization on traditional societies, and used China as a test case for his general theories. The religious responses to China's social and political order are a main, but not the only focus, and his treatment of both Confucianism and (mainly philosophical) Taoism as embodying genuine religious experiences was then unusual. Weber's mastery of the available translations and secondary literature is often mentioned as amounting to nearly a professional command of the field.
On the other hand, Weber *was* unable to consult the primary sources directly. He was acutely aware that much of his information came from missionaries with ideological biases; according to some, however, he often chose the *wrong* missionary to believe. He seriously underestimated the antiquity of some developments in Chinese government. His examples are sometimes wrong, sometimes not especially pertinent; and better ones are missing because he had no access to them. He accepted the view of Confucius as a sort of learned academic with an interest in ethical government (popular among some modern Chinese as well as westerners), without seeming to notice that he has often been regarded as a supernatural figure, a prophet, or, in Weber's own terms, a "charismatic" leader. And the study of Buddhism in China was in its infancy, and its transformative impacts on Confucian and Taoist thought and practice only beginning to be grasped. The study of the very complex history of Taoism *as a religion* is also mostly a more recent development.
Bearing these limits in mind, Weber's study remains fascinating. His suggested interpretations of Chinese society have set the terms for much research attempting to confirm or refute his ideas. He was sometimes wrong about both absolute and relative datings, but he recognized many important trends, and successfully framed them in larger contexts.
As very much an amateur in Chinese studies (with greater limits than Weber, and not nearly as industrious, but able to benefit from modern scholarship), I have long found the book illuminating; I just try to check it against recent studies. For those who are familiar with Weber only for "The Protestant Ethic" (and the attendant controversy), this volume, and its companions on "Ancient Judaism" and "The Religions of India," may come as a considerable surprise.
Those interested in the sociology of Chinese religion (rather than beliefs and practices) will want to take a look at a book by C.K. Yang, the author of the Introduction to this translation. Yang's "Religion in Chinese Society: A Study of Contemporary Social Functions of Religion and Some of Their Historical Factors" (originally University of California Press, 1961) provides information on Chinese religion in relation to government policies, and community and family structures, with documentation for specific regions. I consider it a complement, not a substitute, for Weber, because several chapters are probably too statistical to make it attractive to many readers. Yang also assumes familiarity with a body of professional sociological thought that Weber was still establishing. Of course, it too is beginning to show its age.
马克斯•韦伯眼中的传统中国——《中国的宗教:儒教与道教》读书笔记 这么长,估计也是没有人会看的,发上了只是怕那一天,笔记本丢了,电脑硬盘坏了,找不找笔记怎么办???哈哈……为了整理这篇笔记,我到现在还没吃饭呢,8400多字,不得不承认,马克斯•韦伯是个...
评分作者从很多方面论述了中国为什么没有像西方一样产生资本主义。其中不乏精警的言论,但有的地方也确实有偏差。不过这么一部内容复杂庞大的著作,作者的功力着实不浅。从货币谈到城市、行会,从国家的各种体制、经济法律政策,谈到最高统治者和士人阶层……作者的篇幅...
评分来源自wiki: 《中国的宗教:儒教与道教》是韦伯在宗教社会学上的第二本主要著作。韦伯专注于探索中国社会里那些和西欧不同的地方—尤其是与清教徒的对照,他并且提出了一个问题:为什么资本主义没有在中国发展呢?韦伯专注于早期的中国历史,尤其是诸子百家和战国,在这个时期...
评分马克斯•韦伯眼中的传统中国——《中国的宗教:儒教与道教》读书笔记 这么长,估计也是没有人会看的,发上了只是怕那一天,笔记本丢了,电脑硬盘坏了,找不找笔记怎么办???哈哈……为了整理这篇笔记,我到现在还没吃饭呢,8400多字,不得不承认,马克斯•韦伯是个...
评分来源自wiki: 《中国的宗教:儒教与道教》是韦伯在宗教社会学上的第二本主要著作。韦伯专注于探索中国社会里那些和西欧不同的地方—尤其是与清教徒的对照,他并且提出了一个问题:为什么资本主义没有在中国发展呢?韦伯专注于早期的中国历史,尤其是诸子百家和战国,在这个时期...
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评分The Protestant Ethic and the "Spirit" of Capitalism 基础上更实证化的衍生,也是当下学术图谱中大部分问题的源头。个人觉得原系列标题中的“Economic Ethic (of religion)” 才是韦伯问题的核心。韦伯所留下的仍然有洞见的思考框架是:1. 儒教/道教与新教作为两类精神资源各自具备怎样的rational ethic, 而这又如何影响了与之相应的两种文化的不同政治/社会/经济路径;2. 更抽象而言,韦伯如何回应了马克思,从而重新反思了“mentality”与政/经/社环境之间的关系。
评分The Protestant Ethic and the "Spirit" of Capitalism 基础上更实证化的衍生,也是当下学术图谱中大部分问题的源头。个人觉得原系列标题中的“Economic Ethic (of religion)” 才是韦伯问题的核心。韦伯所留下的仍然有洞见的思考框架是:1. 儒教/道教与新教作为两类精神资源各自具备怎样的rational ethic, 而这又如何影响了与之相应的两种文化的不同政治/社会/经济路径;2. 更抽象而言,韦伯如何回应了马克思,从而重新反思了“mentality”与政/经/社环境之间的关系。
评分a mark
评分文化历史不同,随意链接对比,不认同。
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