The Evolution of Cooperation pdf epub mobi txt 電子書下載2025

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Robert Axelrod is Professor of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of Michigan. A MacArthur Prize Fellow, he is a leading expert on game theory, artificial intelligence, evolutionary biology, mathematical modeling, and complexity theory. He lives in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

出版者:Basic Books

作者:Robert Axelrod

出品人:

頁數:264

译者:

出版時間:2006-12-5

價格:USD 16.95

裝幀:Paperback

isbn號碼:9780465005642

叢書系列:

圖書標籤:

心理學
博弈論
社會學
進化心理學
英文原版
科普
管理
政治學

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Updated for the first time, the classic book on why cooperation is not only natural but also the best survival strategy The Evolution of Cooperation addresses a simple yet age-old question: If living things evolve through competition, how can cooperation ever emerge? Despite the abundant evidence of cooperation all around us, there existed no purely naturalistic answer to this question until 1979, when Robert Axelrod famously ran a computer tournament featuring a standard game-theory exercise called The Prisoner's Dilemma. To everyone's surprise, the program that won the tournament, named Tit for Tat, was not only the simplest but the most "cooperative" entrant. This unexpected victory proved that cooperation--one might even say altruism--is mathematically possible and therefore needs no hidden hand or divine agent to create and sustain it. A great roadblock to the understanding of all sorts of behavior was at last removed. The updated edition includes an extensive new chapter on cooperation in cancer cells and among terrorist organizations. "This book, if read, grasped and applied, could have a profound effect." ( Wall Street Journal ) "A fascinating, provocative, and important book." (Douglas R. Hofstadter, author of Godel, Escher, Bach )

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讀後感

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善良策略是什麽意思呢？英文中good便是善良是件很有意思的事情。就如同伊壁鳩魯哲學認爲凡是令人快樂的便是善的，一般人若未深究都會不認同這樣的觀點，因爲他們認爲善似乎縂是和某种規範性的東西聯係在一起的，而凡是规范便会让人觉得有某种束缚感，從而產生某种不適。但是，...

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“一个政治科学家能修改来自计算机科学的工具并因此有贡献于进化生物学，直到今日我仍为此感到高兴。而且居然是性起源的问题！” 这句话出自本书的续作《合作的复杂性》──总之，Axelrod的这两本书，涉及了多个学科的知识，可以编程来玩，而且还科学地推导出一个善的结论，这...

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书的内容是说，有人办了一个关于重复囚徒困境的计算机程序竞赛，结果在众多程序中，一个非常简单的名为“一报还一报”的程序获得了胜利。而它只是选择在第一步合作，自此之后就一直模仿对方的上一步行为而已。（名词解释：囚徒困境：一种非零和博弈，举例来说，双方合作双方...

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用戶評價

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介紹瞭不少有啓發性的囚徒睏境的想法。略附錄

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精彩絕倫，引人入勝的小書。從一個隨機篩選的電腦博弈遊戲齣發總結齣人類社會閤作和演進的可能性，閤作産生和維持所需的原則、機製和人類本身及社會政治條件，並通過數據分析和推理證明互惠原則的自我維持功能。用語平實而精到，一戰和生物演化例子都很有趣。其中一個假設前提是存在一小個不必然存在相互認同和友誼、但以互惠/以牙還牙為原則的小群體（而不隻是閤作的兩個人）並將這個原則“侵入”到更廣大的社群中。但如何形成這個最初群體呢？似乎奧爾森和哈丁的集體行動理論有用武之地瞭，也更理解為什麼哈丁的書到最後會轉到討論閤作所需契約形成和執行條件上去。這本書提齣的閤作理論、非零和博弈、互惠原則等，基本是國際關係中新自由製度主義的核心理念，以一書催生瞭一派理論和學者。不過新自由製度主義對“演進”部分探討似乎不足。

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a must-read

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Nope, individuals don't learn Nash equilibrium, even in repeated games.

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the winner always uses TIT FOR TAT and cooperation can be developed without central authority