Robert Axelrod is Professor of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of Michigan. A MacArthur Prize Fellow, he is a leading expert on game theory, artificial intelligence, evolutionary biology, mathematical modeling, and complexity theory. He lives in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Updated for the first time, the classic book on why cooperation is not only natural but also the best survival strategy The Evolution of Cooperation addresses a simple yet age-old question: If living things evolve through competition, how can cooperation ever emerge? Despite the abundant evidence of cooperation all around us, there existed no purely naturalistic answer to this question until 1979, when Robert Axelrod famously ran a computer tournament featuring a standard game-theory exercise called The Prisoner's Dilemma. To everyone's surprise, the program that won the tournament, named Tit for Tat, was not only the simplest but the most "cooperative" entrant. This unexpected victory proved that cooperation--one might even say altruism--is mathematically possible and therefore needs no hidden hand or divine agent to create and sustain it. A great roadblock to the understanding of all sorts of behavior was at last removed. The updated edition includes an extensive new chapter on cooperation in cancer cells and among terrorist organizations. "This book, if read, grasped and applied, could have a profound effect." ( Wall Street Journal ) "A fascinating, provocative, and important book." (Douglas R. Hofstadter, author of Godel, Escher, Bach )
善良策略是什麽意思呢?英文中good便是善良是件很有意思的事情。就如同伊壁鳩魯哲學認爲凡是令人快樂的便是善的,一般人若未深究都會不認同這樣的觀點,因爲他們認爲善似乎縂是和某种規範性的東西聯係在一起的,而凡是规范便会让人觉得有某种束缚感,從而產生某种不適。但是,...
评分在合作的策略中什么才具备佳的信誉,是“有求必应”还是“一诺千金”,《合作的进化》给出的解答是建立起“睚眦必报”恶棍信誉,才能获得博弈上的最大成效,频繁背叛(将对方的利益压至最低),尽可能压榨对方,获取最大收益,同时让对方明白绝对不能背叛自己,永不原谅任何背...
评分 评分善良策略是什麽意思呢?英文中good便是善良是件很有意思的事情。就如同伊壁鳩魯哲學認爲凡是令人快樂的便是善的,一般人若未深究都會不認同這樣的觀點,因爲他們認爲善似乎縂是和某种規範性的東西聯係在一起的,而凡是规范便会让人觉得有某种束缚感,從而產生某种不適。但是,...
评分精彩绝伦,引人入胜的小书。从一个随机筛选的电脑博弈游戏出发总结出人类社会合作和演进的可能性,合作产生和维持所需的原则、机制和人类本身及社会政治条件,并通过数据分析和推理证明互惠原则的自我维持功能。用语平实而精到,一战和生物演化例子都很有趣。其中一个假设前提是存在一小个不必然存在相互认同和友谊、但以互惠/以牙还牙为原则的小群体(而不只是合作的两个人)并将这个原则“侵入”到更广大的社群中。但如何形成这个最初群体呢?似乎奥尔森和哈丁的集体行动理论有用武之地了,也更理解为什么哈丁的书到最后会转到讨论合作所需契约形成和执行条件上去。这本书提出的合作理论、非零和博弈、互惠原则等,基本是国际关系中新自由制度主义的核心理念,以一书催生了一派理论和学者。不过新自由制度主义对“演进”部分探讨似乎不足。
评分某人给我开的科普书单之101 on Game Theory
评分TIT for TAT
评分Reading List里少有的读得颇为欢乐的书
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