圖書標籤: 心理學 道德 哲學 倫理 Morality 英文 道德情感 英文原版
发表于2024-06-30
Just Babies pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024
From John Locke to Sigmund Freud, philosophers and psychologists have long believed that we begin life as blank moral slates. Many of us take for granted that babies are born selfish and that it is the role of society—and especially parents—to transform them from little sociopaths into civilized beings. In Just Babies, Paul Bloom argues that humans are in fact hardwired with a sense of morality. Drawing on groundbreaking research at Yale, Bloom demonstrates that, even before they can speak or walk, babies judge the goodness and badness of others’ actions; feel empathy and compassion; act to soothe those in distress; and have a rudimentary sense of justice.
Still, this innate morality is limited, sometimes tragically. We are naturally hostile to strangers, prone to parochialism and bigotry. Bringing together insights from psychology, behavioral economics, evolutionary biology, and philosophy, Bloom explores how we have come to surpass these limitations. Along the way, he examines the morality of chimpanzees, violent psychopaths, religious extremists, and Ivy League professors, and explores our often puzzling moral feelings about sex, politics, religion, and race.
In his analysis of the morality of children and adults, Bloom rejects the fashionable view that our moral decisions are driven mainly by gut feelings and unconscious biases. Just as reason has driven our great scientific discoveries, he argues, it is reason and deliberation that makes possible our moral discoveries, such as the wrongness of slavery. Ultimately, it is through our imagination, our compassion, and our uniquely human capacity for rational thought that we can transcend the primitive sense of morality we were born with, becoming more than just babies.
Paul Bloom has a gift for bringing abstract ideas to life, moving seamlessly from Darwin, Herodotus, and Adam Smith to The Princess Bride, Hannibal Lecter, and Louis C.K. Vivid, witty, and intellectually probing, Just Babies offers a radical new perspective on our moral lives.
Paul Bloom is the Brooks and Suzanne Ragen Professor of Psychology at Yale University. He is the author or editor of six books, including the acclaimed How Pleasure Works. He has won numerous awards for his research and teaching, and his scientific and popular articles have appeared in The New York Times Magazine, Nature, The New Yorker, The Atlantic, Science, Slate, The Best American Science Writing, and many other publications. He lives in New Haven with his wife and two sons. Visit his website at paulbloomatyale.com and follow him on Twitter at @paulbloomatyale.
簡明清晰有趣。道德問題絕不隻是可以跟誰和不能跟誰睡覺的問題,麵對復雜的道德選擇很多心腸好看電影愛掉眼淚兒的人一樣會做齣買櫝還珠不能自圓其說的決定,支配道德行為的除瞭同情心和責任心還有我們對自己的認識和理性思辨的能力。關於兒童道德行為的實驗非常有趣但其實隻占本書內容一小部分。身為社會人我們大部分行為帶有道德後果,要如何理清這些復雜頭緒,我們天賦有哪些知識和能力,又有哪些知識和能力需要後天習得,是這本書的主旨。
評分寫得還蠻有趣,很多詳盡的例子,發現瞭托福聽力裏經常齣現的嬰兒實驗╯▽╰嬰兒對一個東西感興趣就會盯得時間比較長,通過這個你就可以推測很多事情,比如小嬰兒能不能分齣貓和狗(≧▽≦)/
評分He—re we go, blurring the edge between cognitive science and moral philosophy. unsurprisingly useless. Slight issue with methodology and lab design.
評分He—re we go, blurring the edge between cognitive science and moral philosophy. unsurprisingly useless. Slight issue with methodology and lab design.
評分斷斷續續看瞭一遍,雖然我讀的道德心理學書籍不多,但這本應該是不錯的。一大特點是作者舉的例子和引述的各種研究都比較豐富,可惜本人對社會心理學的興趣有限,雖然我承認社會心理學很多研究很吸引人。此書中心論點是道德的種子在嬰兒誕生之前便已種下,即便是小到3個月的嬰兒已經顯現齣一定的道德意識,而這並不能從環境影響角度來解釋。後天學習和發展固然重要,但這是通過進化與遺傳播撒的道德種子來實現的。例如,路都不會走,話還不會說的嬰兒便在實驗中錶現齣對於行惡者的負麵態度及對於行善者的正麵態度。他們還能具有天生的公平觀念,雖然在初期這種公平多為指嚮他人(當涉及到自身時總是會偏嚮自己),形式也較初級(隻求數量上多公平)。移情和同情能力也是嬰兒們一開始便擁有的(雖然有些天生缺失這些能力的案例)。最後本書也很通俗易懂。
两千多年前的先秦时期,中国有两位儒家先贤曾先后对人性善和人性恶提出两种针锋相对的观点:孟子说“人性本善”,荀子说“人性本恶”。 巧的是,两人及其后继者都为自己的观点找到大量能够证明自己的正确性,却又无法驳倒对方的证据。以至于两千年多后的今天,人们依旧在为这个...
評分人之初,性善还是恶?这是个无法简单作答的问题。原因在于,成年人很难科学地观察和研究婴儿。不过,越来越多的证据在表明,婴儿出生不久便具备道德感,知道对什么感兴趣,并期待什么事情发生。换言之,他们能将好与坏区分开来,证明了善恶感并非完全由后天阅历所决定,而是与...
評分道德判断背后的心理学 ——读《善恶之源》 彭忠富 “人之初,性本善。”孟子人性本善的论断在中国家喻户晓,他主张通过教化,扶植和培养善的萌芽,使善性得以发扬光大;但荀子却认为人性本恶,他主张通过教化,限制恶的趋势,使人性之恶向善转化。其实不管人性善恶,每个人都...
評分 評分Just Babies pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024