Cruel Optimism provides important new ways of understanding subjectivity, temporality, attachment, and the political in the present moment. Lauren Berlant explores individual and collective affective responses to the unravelling of the U.S. and European economies by analyzing mass media, literature, television, film, and video produced in the United States and Europe since 1990. Her incisive interpretations track the emergence of a sense of crisis in relation to conventional notions of the good life and expectations of upward mobility, job security, political and social equality, and enduring intimacy. Berlant suggests modes of temporality that characterize the present, particularly the impasse and the situation, and she discusses new genres such as the "situation tragedy" and the "cinema of precarity," which reflect the eroding power of the fantasy of the good life and the ways that crisis has become ordinary. Given this "crisis ordinariness," Berlant argues that trauma theory, which focuses on the intense and extraordinary, is not well suited to explaining the impasse of present. Berlant advocates attention to how people register and adjust to the pressures of contemporary life and how these processes unfold over time.
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有意思的idea，不过还是有粉饰之嫌，把所有问题归责于state，而state也不过是体制下游戏中的one party，we should point our fingers to the whole system, no matter capitalism or socialism.
评分新自由主义作为新的经济意识形态带来的高风险生活(precarity)，需要不断面对失控的生活为残忍，而幻想正常的生活(normativity)并且竭力追求这种生活则为乐观精神。就像斯嘉丽那句"tomorrow is another day",这是种内心的本能驱使(visceral intuition)，将失控的生活拉回正常的轨道上。在Berlant看来，这正是情感与历史的交叉点，是在结构中找到突围的所做的努力，借鉴Sedgwick所说的痛苦挣扎也是一条通往生存快乐的路。第二章Berlant提出了habit, genres, crisis ordinary等一系列概念用来说明在normativity中anti-normativity。
评分有意思的idea，不过还是有粉饰之嫌，把所有问题归责于state，而state也不过是体制下游戏中的one party，we should point our fingers to the whole system, no matter capitalism or socialism.
评分有意思的idea，不过还是有粉饰之嫌，把所有问题归责于state，而state也不过是体制下游戏中的one party，we should point our fingers to the whole system, no matter capitalism or socialism.
评分有意思的idea，不过还是有粉饰之嫌，把所有问题归责于state，而state也不过是体制下游戏中的one party，we should point our fingers to the whole system, no matter capitalism or socialism.
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