Two Concepts of Liberty pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025
Sir Isaiah Berlin, OM (6 June 1909 – 5 November 1997) was a philosopher and historian of ideas, regarded as one of the leading liberal thinkers of the twentieth century. He excelled as an essayist, lecturer and conversationalist; and as a brilliant speaker who delivered, rapidly and spontaneously, richly allusive and coherently structured material, whether for a lecture series at Oxford University or as a broadcaster on the BBC Third Programme, usually without a script. Many of his essays and lectures were later collected in book form.
Born in Riga, now capital of Latvia, then part of the Russian Empire, he was the first person of Jewish descent to be elected to a prize fellowship at All Souls College, Oxford. From 1957 to 1967, he was Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory at the University of Oxford. He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1963 to 1964. In 1966, he helped to found Wolfson College, Oxford, and became its first President. He was knighted in 1957, and was awarded the Order of Merit in 1971. He was President of the British Academy from 1974 to 1978. He also received the 1979 Jerusalem Prize for his writings on individual freedom.
Berlin's work on liberal theory has had a lasting influence. His 1958 inaugural lecture, "Two Concepts of Liberty", famous for its distinction between positive and negative liberty, has informed much of the debate since then on the relationship between liberty and other values.
- 政治哲学
- 以赛亚·伯林
- 自由
- 哲学
- 自由主义
- 政治理論
- 极权主义
- 思想史
Two Concepts of Liberty was the inaugural lecture delivered by Isaiah Berlin before the University of Oxford on October 31, 1958. It was subsequently published as a 57-page pamphlet by Oxford at the Clarendon Press. It also appears in the collection of Berlin's papers entitled Four Essays on Liberty (1969) and was more recently reissued in a collection entitled simply Liberty (2002).
Berlin distinguished between two forms or concepts of liberty – negative liberty and positive liberty – and argued that the latter concept has often been used to cover up abuse, leading to the curtailment of people's negative liberties "for their own good".
Berlin believed that positive liberty nearly always gave rise to the abuse of power. For when a political leadership believes that they hold the philosophical key to a better future, this sublime end can be used to justify drastic and brutal means. Berlin saw the vanguard elite of the Soviet Union as a prime example of the dangers of 'positive liberty' and the concept can be seen as especially salient during the Cold War, where revolutionary sentiment was rife.
Berlin believed that a more precautious principle was needed, and that was 'negative liberty', where individuals are protected against radical or revolutionary messages, and thus have little grand or existential freedom but are granted the more 'internal' liberty to pursue recreational and consumer interests.
具体描述
读后感
（1）何谓自由 以赛亚·伯林（Isaiah Berlin）提出了不受外部干涉和自我支配自身“两种自由”的观点。围绕这种自由观的对立，又关联到是将人视为合理的主体，亦或是道德的主体。而这又会限定我们对应该采取的政治制度的想象。 1958年柏林在演讲中提出消极自由与积...
评分（1）何谓自由 以赛亚·伯林（Isaiah Berlin）提出了不受外部干涉和自我支配自身“两种自由”的观点。围绕这种自由观的对立，又关联到是将人视为合理的主体，亦或是道德的主体。而这又会限定我们对应该采取的政治制度的想象。 1958年柏林在演讲中提出消极自由与积...
评分（1）何谓自由 以赛亚·伯林（Isaiah Berlin）提出了不受外部干涉和自我支配自身“两种自由”的观点。围绕这种自由观的对立，又关联到是将人视为合理的主体，亦或是道德的主体。而这又会限定我们对应该采取的政治制度的想象。 1958年柏林在演讲中提出消极自由与积...
评分（1）何谓自由 以赛亚·伯林（Isaiah Berlin）提出了不受外部干涉和自我支配自身“两种自由”的观点。围绕这种自由观的对立，又关联到是将人视为合理的主体，亦或是道德的主体。而这又会限定我们对应该采取的政治制度的想象。 1958年柏林在演讲中提出消极自由与积...
评分（1）何谓自由 以赛亚·伯林（Isaiah Berlin）提出了不受外部干涉和自我支配自身“两种自由”的观点。围绕这种自由观的对立，又关联到是将人视为合理的主体，亦或是道德的主体。而这又会限定我们对应该采取的政治制度的想象。 1958年柏林在演讲中提出消极自由与积...
用户评价
逻辑论证主干清晰，无奈没什么肉，期待看完全本
评分人类所信仰的所以积极价值是否都能相容呢？消极自由和积极自由最大的区别应该是一个自由是目的，而另一个自由只是实现权力目的的手段而已。而人类信仰的相容和一元则为后者提供了正当性。所以真正的自由是不侵犯他人的前提下选择行为的权力
评分积极自由和消极自由的分类，经典之经典。
评分自由的界限？
评分读的是中译本，却发现没有这个条目。第二遍原文预订，第一遍读来感受是大致知道了是对积极和消极自由的探讨。 制度只有和思想观念结合在一起才有持续稳固的力量，因此了解背后的思想和态度很重要。 在个人和社会间应当划有界限，保障最低的自由和隐私。 对斯多葛的内在移民抱持的是偏负面态度(因为会直接导向叔本华所说死亡←因此明白了自己脑内现存的一切到底是怎么来的)。要认识到人类创造出的客观规律，知道变化的存在，用理性掌握和认识自己的生活。
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