图书标签: 认知科学 现象学 哲学 心灵哲学 身心 心理学 认知 心灵
发表于2024-11-14
How the Body Shapes the Mind pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024
How the Body Shapes the Mind is an interdisciplinary work that addresses philosophical questions by appealing to evidence found in experimental psychology, neuroscience, studies of pathologies, and developmental psychology. There is a growing consensus across these disciplines that the contribution of embodiment to cognition is inescapable. Because this insight has been developed across a variety of disciplines, however, there is still a need to develop a common vocabulary that is capable of integrating discussions of brain mechanisms in neuroscience, behavioural expressions in psychology, design concerns in artificial intelligence and robotics, and debates about embodied experience in the phenomenology and philosophy of mind. Shaun Gallagher's book aims to contribute to the formulation of that common vocabulary and to develop a conceptual framework that will avoid both the overly reductionistic approaches that explain everything in terms of bottom-up neuronal mechanisms, and inflationistic approaches that explain everything in terms of Cartesian, top-down cognitive states. Gallagher pursues two basic sets of questions. The first set consists of questions about the phenomenal aspects of the structure of experience, and specifically the relatively regular and constant features that we find in the content of our experience. If throughout conscious experience there is a constant reference to one's own body, even if this is a recessive or marginal awareness, then that reference constitutes a structural feature of the phenomenal field of consciousness, part of a framework that is likely to determine or influence all other aspects of experience. The second set of questions concerns aspects of the structure of experience that are more hidden, those that may be more difficult to get at because they happen before we know it. They do not normally enter into the content of experience in an explicit way, and are often inaccessible to reflective consciousness. To what extent, and in what ways, are consciousness and cognitive processes, which include experiences related to perception, memory, imagination, belief, judgement, and so forth, shaped or structured by the fact that they are embodied in this way?
Gallagher代表了一种普遍的研究进路,即将现象学的命题经验科学化,用认知神经科学、发展心理学的成果来支撑现象学有关身体的论断。作者对经验例子的选择很用心,突出体现了心灵并非以简单的输入-输出模式工作,种种感觉模态(sensory modality,如视觉、听觉、触觉)之间、身体图式和身体图像之间也不是截然相分的。知觉的自下而上模型也为自上而下(top-down)模型所取代。比较成问题的是有关“天赋”(innateness)的定义:在解释经验研究的成果时,天赋性不是被定义成婴儿出生时所具有的性质,就是被定义成为基因所决定的性质,而这两种定义都并非哲学意义上的先天性的定义。这样做的结果实则是模糊了先天与后天的界限,例如新生儿严格说来已经有相当程度的经验了,关于它们的研究揭示的并不是先天性。
评分Gallagher代表了一种普遍的研究进路,即将现象学的命题经验科学化,用认知神经科学、发展心理学的成果来支撑现象学有关身体的论断。作者对经验例子的选择很用心,突出体现了心灵并非以简单的输入-输出模式工作,种种感觉模态(sensory modality,如视觉、听觉、触觉)之间、身体图式和身体图像之间也不是截然相分的。知觉的自下而上模型也为自上而下(top-down)模型所取代。比较成问题的是有关“天赋”(innateness)的定义:在解释经验研究的成果时,天赋性不是被定义成婴儿出生时所具有的性质,就是被定义成为基因所决定的性质,而这两种定义都并非哲学意义上的先天性的定义。这样做的结果实则是模糊了先天与后天的界限,例如新生儿严格说来已经有相当程度的经验了,关于它们的研究揭示的并不是先天性。
评分Gallagher代表了一种普遍的研究进路,即将现象学的命题经验科学化,用认知神经科学、发展心理学的成果来支撑现象学有关身体的论断。作者对经验例子的选择很用心,突出体现了心灵并非以简单的输入-输出模式工作,种种感觉模态(sensory modality,如视觉、听觉、触觉)之间、身体图式和身体图像之间也不是截然相分的。知觉的自下而上模型也为自上而下(top-down)模型所取代。比较成问题的是有关“天赋”(innateness)的定义:在解释经验研究的成果时,天赋性不是被定义成婴儿出生时所具有的性质,就是被定义成为基因所决定的性质,而这两种定义都并非哲学意义上的先天性的定义。这样做的结果实则是模糊了先天与后天的界限,例如新生儿严格说来已经有相当程度的经验了,关于它们的研究揭示的并不是先天性。
评分A collection of Gallagher's ideas in the last 30 years. Highly recommended!
评分A collection of Gallagher's ideas in the last 30 years. Highly recommended!
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How the Body Shapes the Mind pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024