图书标签: 明清史 海外中国研究 政治学 比较政治 明史 计划 可借 书单有路勤为径
发表于2024-11-05
Disorder Under Heaven pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024
A monumental study of collective violence in the premodern world, this book analyzes all instances of rebellion and banditry recorded in 1,097 counties in China during the 277 years of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). The assembled evidence constitutes the largest annual, county-level time-series on collective violence events in any part of the world, and the 630 recorded cases are used to test the major social science theories on the origins of collective violence.
Using systematic data collected from local gazetteers on natural calamities, size of harvests, famine relief, physical terrain, local construction, and troop deployment, the author advances and validates a rational-choice argument that violence increased when survival in a subsistence economy became uncertain and the likelihood of punishment was low. Analyzing the administrative effectiveness and coercive capacity of the Ming state, the author also finds evidence to support a complementary structuralist explanation for increased collective violence in times of lax rulers, state insolvency, and inadequate tax policies.
After an introductory chapter, the author explicates the main theoretical and methodological issues of collective violence and sketches the empirical pattern of rebellions and banditry, differentiating them by the level of threat they posed to the regime and by the sociopolitical profile of participating groups.
In the next four chapters, he relates the Ming empirical configuration to four theoretical frameworks for collective violence: rational choice, which includes the issue of motive and choice--why people chose to become bandits; opportunity, in which the level of Ming collective violence is related to variations in a regime's coercive capacity; social change, which is used to shed light on food riots, anti-tax rebellions, and conflicts between employers and employees and between natives and outsiders; and class conflict, which prompts the author to assess the Marxist explanation for collective violence by investigating revolts of commoners against imperial clansmen, bondservants against masters, and tenants against landlords. The final chapter presents the author's conclusions on why and how the people became outlaws in the Ming and points to questions for future research.
我最敬佩的是James Tong辛苦从地方志等各种历史古籍中收集的数据和案例,方法上依旧沿用Tilly的思路,结合了很多方法(如阶级分析,社会运动分析)和理论,我自己不是特别喜欢这种做法感觉有点messy,理论上的贡献很小。最后结论是regime capacity是解释冲突的最重要的解释变量,依然没有解释timing的问题,为何明中后期频发叛乱而regime capacity在这时起到重要作用。不过,我依然欣赏他,这种感觉就好像最近读的那篇Cosimo Medici崛起和佛罗伦萨国家构建的文章,我感动于对史实的把握和忠诚,也悲哀于放到今天却必然遭遇发不出的窘境。
评分我最敬佩的是James Tong辛苦从地方志等各种历史古籍中收集的数据和案例,方法上依旧沿用Tilly的思路,结合了很多方法(如阶级分析,社会运动分析)和理论,我自己不是特别喜欢这种做法感觉有点messy,理论上的贡献很小。最后结论是regime capacity是解释冲突的最重要的解释变量,依然没有解释timing的问题,为何明中后期频发叛乱而regime capacity在这时起到重要作用。不过,我依然欣赏他,这种感觉就好像最近读的那篇Cosimo Medici崛起和佛罗伦萨国家构建的文章,我感动于对史实的把握和忠诚,也悲哀于放到今天却必然遭遇发不出的窘境。
评分蒐集了六百多個例子,用量化的方式討論明代的反亂。主要發現:明代反亂集中在中後期,東南一帶,而且多是盜匪,證明官方控制力還是最重要的因素。其實是蠻有趣的,雖然後來David M. Robinson用北京反亂的案例,反駁了這個論點。
评分蒐集了六百多個例子,用量化的方式討論明代的反亂。主要發現:明代反亂集中在中後期,東南一帶,而且多是盜匪,證明官方控制力還是最重要的因素。其實是蠻有趣的,雖然後來David M. Robinson用北京反亂的案例,反駁了這個論點。
评分蒐集了六百多個例子,用量化的方式討論明代的反亂。主要發現:明代反亂集中在中後期,東南一帶,而且多是盜匪,證明官方控制力還是最重要的因素。其實是蠻有趣的,雖然後來David M. Robinson用北京反亂的案例,反駁了這個論點。
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Disorder Under Heaven pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024