具体描述
Statistics for Linguists: An Introduction Using R is the first statistics textbook on linear models for linguistics. The book covers simple uses of linear models through generalized models to more advanced approaches, maintaining its focus on conceptual issues and avoiding excessive mathematical details. It contains many applied examples using the R statistical programming environment. Written in an accessible tone and style, this text is the ideal main resource for graduate and advanced undergraduate students of Linguistics statistics courses as well as those in other fields, including Psychology, Cognitive Science, and Data Science.
作者简介
Bodo Winter is Lecturer in Cognitive Linguistics in the Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics at the University of Birmingham, UK.
目录信息
0.1. Strategy of the book
0.2. Why R?
0.3. Why the tidyverse?
0.4. R packages required for this book
0.5. What this book is not
0.6. How to use this book
0.7. Information for teachers
1. Introduction to base R
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Baby steps: simple math with R
1.3. Your first R script
1.4. Assigning variables
1.5. Numeric vectors
1.6. Indexing
1.7. Logical vectors
1.8. Character vectors
1.9. Factor vectors
1.10. Data frames
1.11. Loading in files
1.12. Plotting
1.13. Installing, loading, and citing packages
1.14. Seeking help
1.15. A note on keyboard shortcuts
1.16. Your R journey: The road ahead
2. Tidy functions and reproducible R workflows
2.1. Introduction
2.2. tibble and readr
2.3. dplyr
2.4. ggplot2
2.5. Piping with magrittr
2.6. A more extensive example: iconicity and the senses
2.7. R markdown
2.8. Folder structure for analysis projects
2.9. Readme files and more markdown
2.10. Open and reproducible research
3. Models and distributions
3.1. Models
3.2. Distributions
3.3. The normal distribution
3.4. Thinking of the mean as a model
3.5. Other summary statistics: median and range
3.6. Boxplots and the interquartile range
3.7. Summary statistics in R
3.8. Exploring the emotional valence ratings
3.9. Chapter conclusions
4. Introduction to the linear model: Simple linear regression
4.1. Word frequency effects
4.2. Intercepts and slopes
4.3. Fitted values and residuals
4.4. Assumptions: Normality and constant variance
4.5. Measuring model fit with
4.6. A simple linear model in R
4.7. Linear models with tidyverse functions
4.8. Model formula notation: Intercept placeholders
4.9. Chapter conclusions
5. Correlation, linear, and nonlinear transformations
5.1. Centering
5.2. Standardizing
5.3. Correlation
5.4. Using logarithms to describe magnitudes
5.5. Example: Response durations and word frequency
5.6. Centering and standardization in R
5.7. Terminological note on the term ‘normalizing’
5.8. Chapter conclusions
6. Multiple regression
6.1. Regression with more than one predictor
6.2. Multiple regression with standardized coefficients
6.3. Assessing assumptions
6.4. Collinearity
6.5. Adjusted
6.6. Chapter conclusions
7. Categorical predictors
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Modeling the emotional valence of taste and smell words
7.3. Processing the taste and smell data
7.4. Treatment coding in R
7.5. Doing dummy coding ‘by hand’
7.6. Changing the reference level
7.7. Sum coding in R
7.8. Categorical predictors with more than two levels
7.9. Assumptions again
7.10. Other coding schemes
7.11. Chapter conclusions
8. Interactions and nonlinear effects
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Categorical * continuous interactions
8.3. Categorical * categorical interactions
8.4. Continuous * continuous interactions
8.5. Continuous interactions and regression planes
8.6. Higher-order interactions
8.7. Chapter conclusions
9. Inferential statistics 1: Significance testing
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Effect size: Cohen’s
9.3. Cohen’s in R
9.4. Standard errors and confidence intervals
9.5. Null hypotheses
9.6. Using to measure the incompatibility with the null hypothesis
9.7. Using the -distribution to compute -values
9.8. Chapter conclusions
10. Inferential statistics 2: Issues in significance testing
10.1. Common misinterpretations of -values
10.2. Statistical power and Type I, II, M, and S errors
10.3. Multiple testing
10.4. Stopping rules
10.5. Chapter conclusions
11. Inferential statistics 3: Significance testing in a regression context
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Standard errors and confidence intervals for regression coefficients
11.3. Significance tests with multi-level categorical predictors
11.4. Another example: the absolute valence of taste and smell words
11.5. Communicating uncertainty for categorical predictors
11.6. Communicating uncertainty for continuous predictors
11.7. Chapter conclusions
12. Generalized linear models: Logistic regression
12.1. Motivating generalized linear models
12.2. Theoretical background: Data-generating processes
12.3. The log odd function and interpreting logits
12.4. Speech errors and blood alcohol concentration
12.5. Predicting the dative alternation
12.6. Analyzing gesture perception: Hassemer & Winter (2016)
12.6.1. Exploring the dataset
12.6.2. Logistic regression analysis
12.7. Chapter conclusions
13. Generalized linear models 2: Poisson regression
13.1. Motivating Poisson regression
13.2. The Poisson distribution
13.3. Analyzing linguistic diversity using Poisson regression
13.4. Adding exposure variables
13.5. Negative binomial regression for overdispersed count data
13.6. Overview and summary of the generalized linear model framework
13.7. Chapter conclusions
14. Mixed models 1: Conceptual introduction
14.1. Introduction
14.2. The independence assumption
14.3. Dealing with non-independence via experimental design and averaging
14.4. Mixed models: Varying intercepts and varying slopes
14.5. More on varying intercepts and varying slopes
14.6. Interpreting random effects and random effect correlations
14.7. Specifying mixed effects models: lme4 syntax
14.8. Reasoning about your mixed model: The importance of varying slopes
14.9. Chapter conclusions
15. Mixed models 2: Extended example, significance testing, convergence issues
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Simulating vowel durations for a mixed model analysis
15.3. Analyzing the simulated vowel durations with mixed models
15.4. Extracting information out of lme4 objects
15.5. Messing up the model
15.6. Likelihood ratio tests
15.7. Remaining issues
15.7.1. -squared for mixed models
15.7.2. Predictions from mixed models
15.7.3. Convergence issues
15.8. Mixed logistic regression: Ugly selfies
15.9. Shrinkage and individual differences
15.10. Chapter conclusions
16. Outlook and strategies for model building
16.1. What you have learned so far
16.2. Model choice
16.3. The cookbook approach
16.4. Stepwise regression
16.5. A plea for subjective and theory-driven statistical modeling
16.6. Reproducible research
16.7. Closing words
References
Appendix A. Correspondences between significance tests and linear models
Appendix B. Reading recommendations
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读后感
用户评价
这本书的实用价值体现在其丰富的案例分析中。作者并没有仅仅停留在理论的讲解,而是巧妙地将各种统计方法应用到了真实的语言学研究场景中。这些案例选取得非常典型,覆盖了从语音学、句法学到语篇分析等多个领域,让我看到了统计学在语言研究中的广泛应用前景。更重要的是,作者在讲解案例时,非常细致地剖析了研究设计、数据收集、方法选择以及结果解读的全过程,让我们能够更深刻地理解理论是如何转化为实践的,也为我们自己的研究提供了宝贵的借鉴。
这本书的内容组织脉络清晰,逻辑性非常强。从基础的概念入手,循序渐进地引导读者深入到更复杂的分析方法。每个章节都像是一块精心搭建的积木,在前一章的基础上,不断拓展和深化。我最喜欢的是作者在每个关键点都会设置一些小练习或者思考题,这不仅巩固了我们刚刚学到的知识,更重要的是,它鼓励我们主动去思考,去发现其中的关联。这种互动性的设计,让学习过程不再是被动接受,而是主动探索,大大提升了学习的效率和趣味性。
这本书的排版布局真的堪称艺术品。每一页都经过了精心的设计,字体的选择既清晰易读,又不会显得过于呆板,大小适中,长时间阅读也不会让眼睛感到疲劳。段落之间的留白恰到好处,让信息得以疏散,读者可以更轻松地捕捉到核心内容,不会觉得信息爆炸。更让我惊喜的是,书中穿插了一些精美的插图和图表,它们并非简单的装饰,而是能够直观地阐释抽象的概念,将原本可能晦涩难懂的知识点变得生动有趣。这些图表的线条流畅,色彩搭配和谐,即使是对设计不太敏感的人,也能感受到其中蕴含的专业和美感。
这本书的封面设计简直是太吸引人了,简洁的背景色搭配上醒目的字体,让人一眼就能记住。我尤其喜欢那种沉静而又充满智慧的蓝色,仿佛预示着这本书将带领我走进一个充满逻辑和洞察力的世界。拿到书的时候,纸张的触感非常舒服,不是那种廉价的光面纸,而是带着一种温润的质感,翻阅的时候不易留下指纹,更不会有刺鼻的油墨味,这让我对作者在细节上的用心感到由衷的赞赏。书的装帧也非常牢固,即使经常翻阅,也不担心会有散架的情况发生,我猜这大概是为了方便我们这些热衷于在书页边缘做笔记、画重点的读者吧。
我特别欣赏作者的语言风格,流畅且充满感染力。读起来一点都不像是在啃一本技术性的书籍,反而更像是与一位经验丰富的导师在进行一场深入的交流。他善于使用类比和故事来解释复杂的理论,让那些听起来高高在上的概念瞬间变得触手可及。举个例子,他讲到某种统计方法的由来时,竟然引用了一个非常生动的历史轶事,让我忍不住会心一笑,同时也牢牢记住了那个方法的精髓。这种寓教于乐的方式,极大地降低了学习门槛,让即便是初学者也能在轻松愉快的氛围中,逐渐建立起对统计学的信心。
很实用!
很实用!
很实用!
著名的bodo winter写的统计教材。基本思路就是抛弃各种统计测试,一套线性回归走天下。感觉这是language science的潮流,基本大家都抛弃各种anova之类的,全用mixed effects model了
很实用!