Against the Grain pdf epub mobi txt 電子書下載 2024

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James C. Scott

Yale University Press

2017-8-22

336

USD 26.00

Hardcover

9780300182910

圖書標籤: 人類學曆史農業文明斯科特社會科學文化史 history

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发表于2024-05-09

Against the Grain epub 下載 mobi 下載 pdf 下載 txt 電子書下載 2024

Against the Grain pdf epub mobi txt 電子書下載 2024

圖書描述

Why did humans abandon hunting and gathering for sedentary communities dependent on livestock and cereal grains, and governed by precursors of today’s states? Most people believe that plant and animal domestication allowed humans, finally, to settle down and form agricultural villages, towns, and states, which made possible civilization, law, public order, and a presumably secure way of living. But archaeological and historical evidence challenges this narrative. The first agrarian states, says James C. Scott, were born of accumulations of domestications: first fire, then plants, livestock, subjects of the state, captives, and finally women in the patriarchal family—all of which can be viewed as a way of gaining control over reproduction.

Scott explores why we avoided sedentism and plow agriculture, the advantages of mobile subsistence, the unforeseeable disease epidemics arising from crowding plants, animals, and grain, and why all early states are based on millets and cereal grains and unfree labor. He also discusses the “barbarians” who long evaded state control, as a way of understanding continuing tension between states and nonsubject peoples.

Against the Grain 下載 mobi epub pdf txt 電子書

著者簡介

圖書目錄

Against the Grain pdf epub mobi txt 電子書下載

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用戶評價

評分☆☆☆☆☆

寫完進山寫下田～～道理講得很明白：種田的人好被稅，地糧好被收割。當明白這一點之後，國傢開始形成瞭～～

評分☆☆☆☆☆

關於早期聚落和國傢的瘟疫部分也是應景……不過不知道Scott有沒有讀過《基裏尼亞加》……

評分☆☆☆☆☆

榖物與收稅官

評分☆☆☆☆☆

不囤積食物，夠用就好，可是瘟疫來瞭，還是多囤一點吧????

評分☆☆☆☆☆

斯科特從“榖物是奠定早期農耕國傢的基礎”這一結論齣發，對農耕國傢的産生，階層的分化和勞動的分工，做瞭一番梳理。基於榖物的農業國傢的收稅官很容易丈量土地並衡量産齣，奠定瞭農業國傢的經濟基礎，大量農耕者也讓國傢徵發勞役和兵役成為可能。站在一個普通農耕者的視角，采集狩獵的生活可能更好，采集狩獵者不僅食物更豐富，營養更全麵，而且生活也更豐富，積纍的知識和技能也更廣泛。遠古的先民花瞭4000多年時間纔做齣讓農耕國傢取代采集狩獵的選擇。我們習慣的曆史，是一個文明取代野蠻不斷演進的曆史。但是斯科特提齣的觀點讓我們會去思考，文明其實從遠古至今都是多樣化的，不同文明之間既互動，又相互影響，並沒有簡單的野蠻與開化之分。在大曆史的圖景下，雖然某種經濟社會形式最終會占據上風，但並不能否認其他文明的可取之處。#聽書