The Captive Mind pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載2025
Czesław Miłosz memorialised his Lithuanian childhood in a 1955 novel, The Issa Valley , and in the 1959 memoir Native Realm . After graduating from Sigismund Augustus Gymnasium in Vilnius, he studied law at Stefan Batory University and in 1931 he travelled to Paris, where he was influenced by his distant cousin Oscar Milosz, a French poet of Lithuanian descent and a Swedenborgian. His first volume of poetry was published in 1934.
After receiving his law degree that year, he again spent a year in Paris on a fellowship. Upon returning, he worked as a commentator at Radio Wilno, but was dismissed, an action described as stemming from either his leftist views or for views overly sympathetic to Lithuania. Miłosz wrote all his poetry, fiction and essays in Polish and translated the Old Testament Psalms into Polish.
Awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize in Literature for being an author "who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts."
- 曆史
- 政治學
- Czesław_Miłosz
- 米沃什
- 知識分子
- 反極權
- 波蘭
- 哲學
The Captive Mind begins with a discussion of the novel Insatiability by Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz and its plot device of Murti-Bing pills, which are used as a metaphor for dialectical materialism, but also for the deadening of the intellect caused by consumerism in Western society. The second chapter considers the way in which the West was seen at the time by residents of Central and Eastern Europe, while the third outlines the practice of Ketman, the act of paying lip service to authority while concealing personal opposition, describing seven forms applied in the people's democracies of mid-20th century Europe.
The four chapters at the heart of the book then follow, each a portrayal of a gifted Polish man who capitulated, in some fashion, to the demands of the Communist state. They are identified only as Alpha, the Moralist; Beta, The Disappointed Lover; Gamma, the Slave of History; and Delta, the Troubadour. However, each of the four portraits were easily identifiable: Alpha is Jerzy Andrzejewski, Beta is Tadeusz Borowski, Gamma is Jerzy Putrament and Delta is Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński.
The book moves toward its climax with an elaboration of "enslavement through consciousness" in the penultimate chapter and closes with a pained and personal assessment of the fate of the Baltic nations in particular.
具體描述
讀後感
闯入者最擅长的在于将自己描绘为历史进步的代表者，他们有一套完整的学说，以“新信仰”的名义，要求人们服从。为此对其他国家施行残忍的杀戮，把人们驱逐，让人们不敢声张。米沃什在本书的每一章都举了真实的例子:能给人精神上带来稳定作用的“穆尔提-丙”药丸，“道德家”阿...
評分“现代人因为精神空虚，陷入一种思想，其后果就是遭到不受法制约束的毁灭的恐惧，因而自己被利用、被当成精神奴役的工具。” ——卡尔·雅斯贝尔斯 20世纪留下来众多或迷人或残忍的关乎人类自身...
評分一个来自喀尔巴阡山区的老犹太人：如果有两个人吵架，其中一个百分之五十五有理，这很好，也没什么可吵的。但是如果有人百分之六十有理呢？那就更好了，这多么走运啊，要感谢上帝！如果有人百分之七十五有理会怎样？聪明的人就会说，这非常可疑。要是有人百分之百有理...
評分《被禁锢的头脑》是一本妥协之书。这种妥协不单单是切斯瓦夫•米沃什在书写这些文字时，有意识对书中那些熟悉的作家进行了修饰与遮掩，更多的是因为他的书完成时身处的尴尬语境。这本书最早出版于1953年，由巴黎最富盛名的伽利玛出版社出版。这样的写作是一种妥协，因为从195...
評分一 阅读米沃什的这本《被禁锢的头脑》，从始至终，都伴随着一种熟悉的陌生感。这本书讲述的是发生在波兰国土上的事情，但是，只要你对中国的近现代史有所了解，就能从中读出似曾相识的味道——一种苦涩的味道。 这本书如书名所示，写的是在极权国家体制下知识分子的处境。 ...
用戶評價
半世紀之前的政治學卻差點讀哭瞭
评分半世紀之前的政治學卻差點讀哭瞭
评分花瞭很久來讀這本小書，覺得它講齣瞭我很久以來一直不知如何錶達的東西：在一個極權社會裏，語言是如何成為囚籠並將人深睏於其中的。
评分花瞭很久來讀這本小書，覺得它講齣瞭我很久以來一直不知如何錶達的東西：在一個極權社會裏，語言是如何成為囚籠並將人深睏於其中的。
评分花瞭很久來讀這本小書，覺得它講齣瞭我很久以來一直不知如何錶達的東西：在一個極權社會裏，語言是如何成為囚籠並將人深睏於其中的。
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