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出版者:

作者:Dilworth, J. Paul/ Baldwin, David R.

出品人:

页数:700

译者:

出版时间:

价格:99.95

装帧:

isbn号码:9789058230775

丛书系列:

图书标签:

• 呼吸医学
• 肺病学
• 呼吸系统疾病
• 临床医学
• 医学教材
• 呼吸功能
• 呼吸道疾病
• 胸部疾病
• ICU
• 睡眠呼吸障碍

The Unseen Tapestry: A Journey Through Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican Civilizations This comprehensive volume endeavors to illuminate the vibrant, complex, and often misunderstood world that flourished in Mesoamerica long before the arrival of European explorers. Far from a monolithic entity, the region—stretching from central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua—hosted a breathtaking array of cultures, each developing intricate social structures, sophisticated astronomical knowledge, and profound artistic expression. This book does not chronicle the rise and fall of single empires alone; rather, it weaves together the threads connecting diverse societies, tracing their shared intellectual heritage while emphasizing their unique achievements. Our exploration begins in the Olmec heartland, often termed the "mother culture" of Mesoamerica. We delve deeply into the San Lorenzo and La Venta sites, analyzing the monumental artistry of the colossal basalt heads not merely as artistic relics, but as powerful statements of political organization and cosmological belief. The study moves beyond static description to examine the ongoing debate surrounding their labor organization, resource acquisition, and the possible existence of early forms of hieroglyphic writing, setting the foundation for later developments. The narrative then transitions seamlessly to the Maya civilization, tracing its trajectory from the Preclassic foundations through the Classic zenith and the enigmatic Terminal Classic collapse. We bypass simplistic chronologies to focus on the intricate political geography of the Maya lowlands. Chapters are dedicated to deciphering the complex dynastic histories preserved on stelae across Palenque, Tikal, Copán, and Calakmul. Special attention is paid to the intellectual achievements of the Maya: their interlocking calendar systems—the Tzolkin and Haab'—and the mathematical brilliance demonstrated by their use of zero. We explore recent breakthroughs in epigraphy that allow us to reconstruct Maya worldview, emphasizing the role of kingship as a necessary conduit between the terrestrial and divine realms, manifested through ritual bloodletting and astronomical alignment. Moving westward, the book provides a detailed examination of the Teotihuacan metropolis. This city, whose name remains unknown to us, exerted unparalleled influence across Mesoamerica during the Early Classic period. We analyze the scale of its urban planning—the rigorous grid system, the Avenue of the Dead, and the staggering volume of the Pyramid of the Sun and Moon—as evidence of centralized, perhaps even bureaucratic, governance. Crucially, this section investigates the iconography of Teotihuacan, exploring the implications of the Feathered Serpent and Storm God motifs, and tracing their diffusion into peripheral areas like Oaxaca and the Maya highlands, illustrating the city's role as a crucial nexus for trade and ideology. The transition into the Postclassic era brings us to the Postclassic Mixtec centers of the Oaxaca Valley, focusing particularly on the remarkable legacies preserved in codices such as the Codex Zouche-Nuttall. This analysis centers on the Mixtec concept of tonalli (day-sign destinies) and the sophisticated recording of lineage history and territorial conquest through complex genealogical narratives painted on deerskin. Their sophisticated system of alliances and strategic marriages forms the backbone of this analysis, highlighting a highly decentralized yet interconnected political landscape. Finally, the book culminates in a thorough investigation of the Aztec (Mexica) empire, placing their rapid ascent within the broader Mesoamerican context rather than viewing them in isolation. We examine the founding myth of Tenochtitlan, the draining of the lakebed, and the complex infrastructure—causeways, aqueducts, and the chinampa system—that sustained a population exceeding 200,000. The study meticulously details the structure of the Triple Alliance (Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan), the function of the calpulli (ward system), and the sophisticated legal and tribute collection mechanisms that bound subjugated polities to the central valley. A significant portion is devoted to analyzing the religious cosmology—the pantheon of gods, the necessity of human sacrifice as cosmic upkeep, and the cyclical worldview embedded in their calendars—providing necessary nuance often lost in broad historical surveys. Throughout these explorations, the narrative consistently emphasizes themes of adaptation, innovation, and continuity. The book foregrounds indigenous perspectives, drawing heavily on archaeological interpretation, surviving iconography, and ethnohistorical sources to reconstruct the sensory, material, and intellectual worlds of these civilizations. From the complex pottery traditions of the Maya lowlands to the specialized metallurgy of West Mexico, this volume illuminates a sophisticated, globally significant pre-modern history, offering readers an unparalleled understanding of the enduring brilliance of the ancient Americas.

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这本书《呼吸医学》给我带来的震撼，远超我最初的预期。我原本只是想对一些呼吸道疾病有个大概的了解，没想到书中关于胸腔微环境和免疫细胞作用的论述，简直是打开了一个全新的世界。作者用非常清晰的逻辑，一步步解析了肺部作为一个复杂免疫器官的运作模式，以及各种细胞如何协同作战，抵御外来病原体，同时又如何可能在某些情况下失控，导致疾病的发生。我对免疫系统在呼吸疾病中的关键作用有了前所未有的认识。书中对肺结核的介绍，更是让我对这种古老疾病的复杂性和顽固性有了更深的体会，理解了为什么需要长期、联合用药才能有效控制。同时，我也对现代医学在基因编辑、靶向治疗等前沿领域为解决呼吸系统顽疾所做的努力感到兴奋。这本书中的许多内容，比如细胞因子风暴、免疫检查点抑制剂等，虽然对我来说还比较陌生，但作者的讲解让我能够大致把握其核心概念，并感受到科技进步的力量。它让我意识到，医学的发展是如此迅速，我们对身体的理解也在不断深化，这是一种充满希望和挑战的领域。

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不得不说，《呼吸医学》这本书在一定程度上刷新了我对医疗书籍的刻板印象。我一直认为这类书籍应该充斥着冰冷的专业术语和复杂的图表，而这本书却意外地充满了人文关怀和启发性。作者在阐述疾病机理的同时，并没有回避疾病对患者心理和社会功能的影响。例如，在介绍肺癌时，书中不仅详细说明了肿瘤的发生发展、影像学诊断和各种治疗手段，还非常细致地描绘了患者在确诊后的心理变化、家庭支持的重要性以及姑息治疗的意义。我深受触动的是，作者并没有将患者仅仅视为一个需要被“治疗”的生理体，而是把他们作为一个完整的人来对待，关注他们的情感需求、尊严和生活质量。这种叙述方式，让我在学习医学知识的同时，也对生命有了更深刻的理解和敬畏。书中关于呼吸系统感染的章节，也让我对一些常见疾病有了更全面的认识，比如肺炎是如何在不同人群中表现出不同的症状，以及抗生素的合理使用对于避免耐药性的重要性。总而言之，这本书不仅仅是一本医学教科书，更是一部关于生命、疾病和人性的思考录，它用一种温暖而又严谨的方式，将医学的复杂性呈现在读者面前。

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这本《呼吸医学》简直是打开了我对肺部疾病认识的一扇新大门！作为一个完全没有医学背景的普通读者，我一直对那些复杂的术语和枯燥的原理感到望而却步，但这本书的叙述方式却非常引人入胜。作者像是循循善诱的老师，将那些原本晦涩难懂的知识，用通俗易懂的比喻和生动形象的案例娓娓道来。我曾经以为哮喘就是简单的咳嗽，但通过阅读，我才了解到它背后复杂的炎症反应和气道重塑过程。书里对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的介绍更是让我印象深刻，它不仅仅是“老慢支”，而是包含支气管炎和肺气肿的综合征，其对患者生活质量的影响远超我想象。作者还特别强调了预防和早期诊断的重要性，这让我开始更加关注自己的生活习惯，并对身边的亲友的呼吸健康多了一份警惕。书中对各种呼吸系统疾病的分类、病因、症状、诊断和治疗方法都进行了详尽的介绍，但最让我赞赏的是，它并没有仅仅停留在“是什么”的层面，而是深入探讨了“为什么会这样”和“如何应对”。比如，在讨论肺纤维化时，书中不仅列举了常见的病因，还细致地解释了肺组织是如何一步步走向僵硬和失去功能的，以及目前治疗的瓶颈和未来的希望。这种深度和广度的结合，让我感觉自己不再是那个对呼吸医学一无所知的门外汉，而是逐渐拥有了一定的辨识度和理解力。

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对于我这种长期受过敏性鼻炎困扰的人来说，这次阅读《呼吸医学》的体验简直是“拨云见日”。以前，我总是习惯性地认为鼻塞、流涕是小毛病，顶多去药店买点缓解症状的药物，却从未深入思考过这些看似微不足道的症状背后可能隐藏着更深层次的呼吸道问题。这本书的描述，让我第一次意识到，鼻腔、咽喉、气管、支气管、肺泡，这些看似独立的器官，其实是一个紧密相连的整体，任何一个环节出现问题，都可能引发连锁反应。书中对过敏性疾病的章节，让我对过敏原的识别、免疫系统的反应机制有了更清晰的认识，也明白了为什么我的症状在某些季节或环境下会特别严重。更重要的是，它鼓励我积极主动地去寻找问题的根源，而不是被动地忍受。我开始仔细回忆我的生活环境、饮食习惯，甚至宠物接触情况，试图找出可能诱发过敏的因素。书中提到的“环境管理”和“脱敏治疗”等概念，也让我看到了解决问题的希望，不再局限于头痛医头、脚痛医脚的思路。虽然书中的一些专业术语我还需要反复查阅，但整体而言，它提供了一种全新的视角，让我能够更理性、更科学地看待自己的健康问题，并为积极管理自己的呼吸健康提供了坚实的基础。

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坦白说，一开始拿到《呼吸医学》这本书，我并没有抱太大的期望，认为它可能是一本晦涩难懂的专业书籍，只适合医学专业人士阅读。然而，我错了。这本书的独到之处在于，它不仅仅局限于疾病的临床表现和治疗方案，而是花费了相当大的篇幅去阐述呼吸系统的生理结构和功能。通过对呼吸力学、气体交换过程、黏膜纤毛清除系统等基础知识的深入剖析，我才真正理解了“呼吸”这个我们习以为常的动作背后，是如何精密而高效地运行的。书中对不同年龄段人群呼吸系统的发育和变化也进行了细致的描述，这让我对儿童和老年人的呼吸健康问题有了更深的理解和同情。我尤其欣赏书中对慢性呼吸衰竭患者的康复和生活质量提升的探讨，它不仅仅关注疾病的治疗，更关注如何帮助患者更好地适应和生活。这种“以人为本”的理念贯穿始终，让我感觉这本书充满了温度。它让我明白，要真正理解呼吸医学，就必须从最基本、最根本的生理过程入手，而这本书恰恰做到了这一点，为我构建了一个扎实而全面的知识框架。

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