圖書標籤: 科學史 哲學 科學哲學 科學 曆史 科普 Lorraine_Daston STS
发表于2024-11-05
Objectivity pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024
Objectivity has a history, and it is full of surprises. In Objectivity, Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison chart the emergence of objectivity in the mid-nineteenth-century sciences—and show how the concept differs from its alternatives, truth-to-nature and trained judgment. This is a story of lofty epistemic ideals fused with workaday practices in the making of scientific images.
From the eighteenth through the early twenty-first centuries, the images that reveal the deepest commitments of the empirical sciences—from anatomy to crystallography—are those featured in scientific atlases, the compendia that teach practitioners what is worth looking at and how to look at it. Galison and Daston use atlas images to uncover a hidden history of scientific objectivity and its rivals. Whether an atlas maker idealizes an image to capture the essentials in the name of truth-to-nature or refuses to erase even the most incidental detail in the name of objectivity or highlights patterns in the name of trained judgment is a decision enforced by an ethos as well as by an epistemology.
As Daston and Galison argue, atlases shape the subjects as well as the objects of science. To pursue objectivity—or truth-to-nature or trained judgment—is simultaneously to cultivate a distinctive scientific self wherein knowing and knower converge. Moreover, the very point at which they visibly converge is in the very act of seeing not as a separate individual but as a member of a particular scientific community. Embedded in the atlas image, therefore, are the traces of consequential choices about knowledge, persona, and collective sight. Objectivity is a book addressed to anyone interested in the elusive and crucial notion of objectivity—and in what it means to peer into the world scientifically.
Lorraine Daston is Director at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin, Germany. She is the coauthor of Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150-1750 and the editor of Things That Talk: Object Lessons from Art and Science (both Zone Books).
Peter Galison is Pellegrino University Professor of the History of Science and of Physics at Harvard University. He is the author of Einstein's Clocks, Poincaré's Maps: Empires of Time, How Experiments End, and Image and Logic: A Material Culture of Microphysics, among other books, and coeditor (with Emily Thompson) of The Architecture of Science (MIT Press, 1999).
選題真是好。Mechanical Objectivity廣為傳頌。讓我睏惑的是通過Mechanical Objectivity這個概念他們把照相技術與印刻技術在本體上等同瞭,讓人不禁要問難道真的是這樣嗎?論證上並非滴水不漏,推薦兩篇文章,可以很好的豐富本書的觀點。Joel Snyder的Visualization and Visibility和Peter Geimer的Inadverdent Images. 前者講the supersensible和Subjectivity, 後者講Photographic accidents.
評分邏輯清晰、材料豐富、文筆流暢,各個方麵都讓人感覺望塵莫及。這種宏大視角不僅考驗作者對於方法論和寫作結構的把握,也需要大量的人力物力。據說Daston和Galison當時招瞭n多個RA跑遍歐洲給他們找材料,宏大史觀的敘述需要同樣宏大的資金支持。
評分在目的論的史觀和斷裂論的史觀之間,提齣一個“雪崩”模式。與其探討雪崩何時發生,我們能夠去重構的是促成曆史不穩定性的前提條件——偶爾滾落的小雪球和滑坡——和不穩定性成熟並發生後的結果。在認識論的曆史上,客觀性是這些結果之一。但因為它把知識和謬誤的源頭——主觀性——作為自己的敵人,它就不僅僅是歸訓認知主體的眾多準則之一,更是對認知主體本身的犧牲,現代知識就這樣在對信仰的否定中和信仰融為一體。在具體的實踐中,客觀性從未被徹底的實現;這些以客觀性為名的實踐實際上是對認知的自我中不同特性的篩選,本質上是一種“the will against the will。”這種對認知和知識的自反性,讓客觀性成為科學史上最重要的一場雪崩。
評分最有啓發的部分,莫過於Structural Objectivity一章,算是追根溯源地解釋瞭二十世紀各類邏輯、演算係統的齣現和發展原因。但同時略感遺憾的CS這一上世紀後半期興起的學科在書中幾乎沒有討論。在image making方麵幾乎是和Structural Objectivity保持一緻的,同時Graphics和AR/VR方麵的興起,其實又和最後一章有著共鳴,無論從任何一個角度考慮其實CS都是可以成為書中很好的材料的。
評分哲學史可以,科學圖像可以,具體學科的曆史也可以,objectivity這種概念的曆史也可以
評分
評分
評分
評分
Objectivity pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024