Bounded Rationality pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2024

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Gerd Gigerenzer

MIT Press

2002-7

394

GBP 28.79

Paperback

9780262571647

图书标签: 心理学思维决策与判断有限理性人工智能判断与决策决策机器学习

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发表于2024-11-21

Bounded Rationality epub 下载 mobi 下载 pdf 下载 txt 电子书下载 2024

Bounded Rationality pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2024

图书描述

In a complex and uncertain world, humans and animals make decisions under the constraints of limited knowledge, resources, and time. Yet models of rational decision making in economics, cognitive science, biology, and other fields largely ignore these real constraints and instead assume agents with perfect information and unlimited time. About forty years ago, Herbert Simon challenged this view with his notion of "bounded rationality." Today, bounded rationality has become a fashionable term used for disparate views of reasoning.

This book promotes bounded rationality as the key to understanding how real people make decisions. Using the concept of an "adaptive toolbox," a repertoire of fast and frugal rules for decision making under uncertainty, it attempts to impose more order and coherence on the idea of bounded rationality. The contributors view bounded rationality neither as optimization under constraints nor as the study of people?s reasoning fallacies. The strategies in the adaptive toolbox dispense with optimization and, for the most part, with calculations of probabilities and utilities. The book extends the concept of bounded rationality from cognitive tools to emotions; it analyzes social norms, imitation, and other cultural tools as rational strategies; and it shows how smart heuristics can exploit the structure of environments.

Bounded Rationality 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书

著者简介

Gerd Gigerenzer is Director at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin.

Reinhard Selten is Professor at the University of Bonn. He is a cowinner of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Economics.

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限理性不是非理性，因而不能放在与传统的理性思想体系相对立的位置上来理解。它不包含任何贬义的或是低等的意味！有限理性也不是受限制条件下的最优化，因而不是与传统最优化思想相比次优的选择！它不是受限制条件下无可奈何的将就之举！有限理性是人类和动物适应自然和社会环境的现实、稳定、可靠的资源，正是基于这种资源，有机体形成了应对外部世界的各种各样的策略、规则、方法和手段，它们构成了所谓的“适应性工具箱”。适应性工具箱中的工具是具有适应性的，也就是说，它们是能够很好地拟合或匹配于现实自然或社会环境的（即具有生态合理性），这已经被进化的、个体发生发展的、社会文化演进的大量证据所证明。可以说，人类的整个进化史、发展史就是有限理性驱动和推进的历史！从这种意义上说，有限理性不仅是合理的，而且是现实的！换一个角度看

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面对不理性和不确定，概率论和孤注一掷是蛮棒的办法

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