图书标签: 认知心理学 心理学 cognition 交互设计 集体智慧 语言的起源 认知科学哲学 认知科学
发表于2024-12-24
Cognition in the Wild (Bradford Books) pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024
Edwin Hutchins combines his background as an anthropologist and an open ocean racing sailor and navigator in this account of how anthropological methods can be combined with cognitive theory to produce a new reading of cognitive science. His theoretical insights are grounded in an extended analysis of ship navigation - its computational basis, its historical roots, its social organization, and the details of its implementation in actual practice aboard large ships. The result is an unusual interdisciplinary approach to cognition in culturally constituted activities outside the laboratory - "in the wild."
Hutchins examines a set of phenomena that have fallen in the cracks between the established disciplines of psychology and anthropology, bringing to light a new set of relationships between culture and cognition. The standard view is that culture affects the cognition of individuals. Hutchins argues instead that cultural activity systems have cognitive properties of their own that are different from the cognitive properties of the individuals who participate in them. Each action for bringing a large naval vessel into port, for example, is informed by culture: the navigation team can be seen as a cognitive and computational system.
Introducing Navy life and work on the bridge, Hutchins makes a clear distinction between the cognitive properties of an individual and the cognitive properties of a system. In striking contrast to the usual laboratory tasks of research in cognitive science, he applies the principal metaphor of cognitive science - cognition as computation (adopting David Marr's paradigm) - to the navigation task. After comparing modern Western navigation with the method practiced in Micronesia, Hutchins explores the computational and cognitive properties of systems that are larger than an individual. He then turns to an analysis of learning or change in the organization of cognitive systems at several scales.
Hutchins's conclusion illustrates the costs of ignoring the cultural nature of cognition, pointing to the ways in which contemporary cognitive science can be transformed by new meanings and interpretations.
A Bradford Book
哈钦斯(E.Hutchins) 哈钦斯曾是约翰(D.John)和凯瑟琳(T.Catherine)麦克阿瑟基金会(MacA rthur Foundation Fellow)的创建者,现为加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校(University of CaIifornia,San DiegO)认知科学系(Department of Cognitive Science)教授。其代表作有Culture and infrence:A Trobriand Case Study(1980),Cognilion in the Wild (1995)。他是认知科学中分布式认知研究纲领的主要提出者和推动者。
重点不在调和认知主义和行为主义,或者给延展心灵的学说加上了文化的维度。重点有种盖亚假说的意思,把知识与环境作为整体,个体始终是人类的一员。认知主义和还原论因此失效,计算机和人脑的类比也因此失效,因为演算的规则只是规则,其所有意义并不保存于个体的意识之中。
评分重点不在调和认知主义和行为主义,或者给延展心灵的学说加上了文化的维度。重点有种盖亚假说的意思,把知识与环境作为整体,个体始终是人类的一员。认知主义和还原论因此失效,计算机和人脑的类比也因此失效,因为演算的规则只是规则,其所有意义并不保存于个体的意识之中。
评分重点不在调和认知主义和行为主义,或者给延展心灵的学说加上了文化的维度。重点有种盖亚假说的意思,把知识与环境作为整体,个体始终是人类的一员。认知主义和还原论因此失效,计算机和人脑的类比也因此失效,因为演算的规则只是规则,其所有意义并不保存于个体的意识之中。
评分重点不在调和认知主义和行为主义,或者给延展心灵的学说加上了文化的维度。重点有种盖亚假说的意思,把知识与环境作为整体,个体始终是人类的一员。认知主义和还原论因此失效,计算机和人脑的类比也因此失效,因为演算的规则只是规则,其所有意义并不保存于个体的意识之中。
评分重点不在调和认知主义和行为主义,或者给延展心灵的学说加上了文化的维度。重点有种盖亚假说的意思,把知识与环境作为整体,个体始终是人类的一员。认知主义和还原论因此失效,计算机和人脑的类比也因此失效,因为演算的规则只是规则,其所有意义并不保存于个体的意识之中。
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Cognition in the Wild (Bradford Books) pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024