The Structure of Scientific Revolutions pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載2025
American historian and philosopher of science, a leading contributor to the change of focus in the philosophy and sociology of science in the 1960s. Thomas Samuel Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He received a doctorate in theoretical physics from Harvard University in 1949. But he later shifted his interest to the history and philosophy of science, which he taught at Harvard, the University of California at Berkeley, Princeton University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
In 1962, Kuhn published The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, which depicted the development of the basic natural sciences in an innovative way. According to Kuhn, the sciences do not uniformly progress strictly by scientific method. Rather, there are two fundamentally different phases of scientific development in the sciences. In the first phase, scientists work within a paradigm (set of accepted beliefs). When the foundation of the paradigm weakens and new theories and scientific methods begin to replace it, the next phase of scientific discovery takes place. Kuhn believes that scientific progress—that is, progress from one paradigm to another—has no logical reasoning. Kuhn's theory has triggered widespread, controversial discussion across many scientific disciplines.
- 科學哲學
- 哲學
- 科學史
- science
- 曆史
- 科學
- 英文版
- 科學人文
A good book may have the power to change the way we see the world, but a great book actually becomes part of our daily consciousness, pervading our thinking to the point that we take it for granted, and we forget how provocative and challenging its ideas once were—and still are. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is that kind of book. When it was first published in 1962, it was a landmark event in the history and philosophy of science. Fifty years later, it still has many lessons to teach.
With The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Kuhn challenged long-standing linear notions of scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don’t arise from the day-to-day, gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation but that the revolutions in science, those breakthrough moments that disrupt accepted thinking and offer unanticipated ideas, occur outside of “normal science,” as he called it. Though Kuhn was writing when physics ruled the sciences, his ideas on how scientific revolutions bring order to the anomalies that amass over time in research experiments are still instructive in our biotech age.
This new edition of Kuhn’s essential work in the history of science includes an insightful introduction by Ian Hacking, which clarifies terms popularized by Kuhn, including paradigm and incommensurability, and applies Kuhn’s ideas to the science of today. Usefully keyed to the separate sections of the book, Hacking’s introduction provides important background information as well as a contemporary context. Newly designed, with an expanded index, this edition will be eagerly welcomed by the next generation of readers seeking to understand the history of our perspectives on science.
具體描述
讀後感
上一次认真读科学哲学，应该是十多年前的事情了，那时候还在大学。喜欢科学哲学，则更早，应该是中学。中学的时候，我们年级喜欢科学哲学的不只我一个，有那么一个小团体，被爱因斯坦的相对论以及玻尔的量子力学所吸引，看到了简洁美，也看到争论背后的玄妙。说小团体，其实不...
評分[美]托马斯•库恩《科学革命的结构》（北京大学科技哲学丛书），金吾伦、胡新和译，北京大学出版社，200页，2003年1月，定价：14元。 托马斯•库恩的《科学革命的结构》（The Structure of Scientific Revolutions）[1]（以下简称《结构》）算得上是二十世纪学术...
評分常在自然科学、社会科学当中看到范式一词，那么范式究竟是什么意思呢？本文旨在探讨自然科学中范式的概念。 最早提出自然科学提出范式一词的人是科学哲学家托马斯·库恩（Thomas Kunn) 提出并在《科学革命的结构》(The Structure of Scientific Revolutions)（１９６２）中系...
評分庫恩在該書中提出了一個重要的中心觀念，即所謂“典範”（paradigm）。Paradigm的觀念是庫恩從維特根斯坦的wittgenstein那裡借來的。 根據庫恩的理論，一切科學革命都必然要基本上牽涉到所謂“典範”的改變。簡單的說，“典範”可以有廣義狹義二義： 廣義指一門科學研究中的全...
用戶評價
Kuhn presents his "paradigm shift" with a paradigm grounding rules while opening ends; and a shift realised when an anomaly parts the prior commitment and constructs a new foundation. Interestingly noticed that Kuhn reckons "Gestalt switch" as the one terminates the anomaly, which we don't know yet why it occur.
评分Examples are drawn from 18th century chemistry, Newtonian and 20th century physics and astronomy in antiquity. wonder what he would say about computer science (is it really a science?) had he ever witness what happened in the second half of 20th century.
评分學科學齣身的人，錶述確實清晰許多
评分雖然說的是科學，但是很有意思，引人入勝。
评分主意看起來很簡單但是其實還是挺復雜的，一不小心就會（像我的教授一樣）把Kuhn誤讀。The main purpose of this book is to dispense science from naive rules and methods, the messianic Truth, and transcendental Nature, but not to argue that science does not progress and scientists in different communities cannot possibly communicate with each other. Weakened geniuses' role.
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