图书标签: 政治哲学 哲学 人权 政治理论 历史 文化研究 思想史 政治
发表于2024-05-18
The Last Utopia pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024
Human rights offer a vision of international justice that today’s idealistic millions hold dear. Yet the very concept on which the movement is based became familiar only a few decades ago when it profoundly reshaped our hopes for an improved humanity. In this pioneering book, Samuel Moyn elevates that extraordinary transformation to center stage and asks what it reveals about the ideal’s troubled present and uncertain future.
For some, human rights stretch back to the dawn of Western civilization, the age of the American and French Revolutions, or the post–World War II moment when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was framed. Revisiting these episodes in a dramatic tour of humanity’s moral history, The Last Utopia shows that it was in the decade after 1968 that human rights began to make sense to broad communities of people as the proper cause of justice. Across eastern and western Europe, as well as throughout the United States and Latin America, human rights crystallized in a few short years as social activism and political rhetoric moved it from the hallways of the United Nations to the global forefront.
It was on the ruins of earlier political utopias, Moyn argues, that human rights achieved contemporary prominence. The morality of individual rights substituted for the soiled political dreams of revolutionary communism and nationalism as international law became an alternative to popular struggle and bloody violence. But as the ideal of human rights enters into rival political agendas, it requires more vigilance and scrutiny than when it became the watchword of our hopes.
Samuel Moyn is Professor of History at Columbia University.
第三章梳理了第三世界政治话语的转变,45年以前鲜少使用“权利“这样的西方人道主义词汇,而以威尔逊民族国家主义和列宁式的共产主义反殖为主。战后在大西洋宪章、国际联盟托管、联合国被大国主导的背景下,亚非拉精英宣扬本国独特性和尊严,与“普世人权”依旧保持距离。七十年代之前,这些思潮中的内部矛盾使得许多反殖民者完全或部分转向冷战背景下“更好用的”人权话语,加上新民族国家席位猛增,影响了联合国人权组织的议题设置,把人权和反殖民糅合起来。在极短时间内,联合国从考虑不将”不具备自治能力“的被托管国纳入人权契约中、转为明确将民族自治和国家主权写入人权草案,此后通过一系列决议,将人权的概念优先等同于集体自治权,为宪政主义和普世人权间带来联结和张力,也给威权开了方便之门。
评分对一些认为是基本概念或预设的东西(比如human right)进行历史研究,发现它的瞬时性和对人类行为的真实影响,是做哲学研究的重要准备工作,虽然哲学不会因为历史里发生过的事就放弃这个概念。这本书在我看来是个范例。对当代正统“经济学”框架的形成和影响进行历史研究,也是同一个道理。
评分行文繁缛,好难读,说人话嘛!
评分行文繁缛,好难读,说人话嘛!
评分第三章梳理了第三世界政治话语的转变,45年以前鲜少使用“权利“这样的西方人道主义词汇,而以威尔逊民族国家主义和列宁式的共产主义反殖为主。战后在大西洋宪章、国际联盟托管、联合国被大国主导的背景下,亚非拉精英宣扬本国独特性和尊严,与“普世人权”依旧保持距离。七十年代之前,这些思潮中的内部矛盾使得许多反殖民者完全或部分转向冷战背景下“更好用的”人权话语,加上新民族国家席位猛增,影响了联合国人权组织的议题设置,把人权和反殖民糅合起来。在极短时间内,联合国从考虑不将”不具备自治能力“的被托管国纳入人权契约中、转为明确将民族自治和国家主权写入人权草案,此后通过一系列决议,将人权的概念优先等同于集体自治权,为宪政主义和普世人权间带来联结和张力,也给威权开了方便之门。
犹记得,第一次接触人权拟制的观点,感到惊世骇俗。习惯了将人权视作自然权利不可或缺的一部分,甚至放任其凌驾国家主权之类的言论的发展。不可谓不甚嚣尘上。 人权一词本身的绝对性,导致了一种很诡谲的状态,即默恩所说的政治话语的乌托邦术语,被绑架,用来攫取私益。反殖民...
评分犹记得,第一次接触人权拟制的观点,感到惊世骇俗。习惯了将人权视作自然权利不可或缺的一部分,甚至放任其凌驾国家主权之类的言论的发展。不可谓不甚嚣尘上。 人权一词本身的绝对性,导致了一种很诡谲的状态,即默恩所说的政治话语的乌托邦术语,被绑架,用来攫取私益。反殖民...
The Last Utopia pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024