Lawrence M. Friedman (born April 2, 1930) is an American law professor and expert in American legal history. He has been a member of the faculty at Stanford Law School since 1968.[1]
Friedman received his Bachelor of Arts from the University of Chicago in 1948 and his J.D. and LL.M from the University of Chicago Law School (where he was on the staff of the University of Chicago Law Review) in 1951 and 1953, respectively. Admitted to the bar in Illinois in 1951, he was associated with the firm of D'Ancona, Pflaum, Wyatt, and Riskind in Chicago from 1955 to 1957. Friedman taught at Saint Louis University School of Law as Assistant Professor of Law (1957–1960) and as Associate Professor of Law (1960–1961). He then moved to the University of Wisconsin Law School, where he was Associate Professor of Law (1961–1965) and then Professor of Law (1965–1968). He was a Visiting Professor of Law at Stanford Law School from 1966 to 1967 and moved to Stanford in 1968. He holds courtesy appointments with Stanford's department of history and political science.[1]
Friedman is the recipient of six honorary law degrees: LL.D. degrees from the University of Puget Sound Law School (1977), John Jay College of Criminal Justice at the City University of New York (1989), University of Lund (Sweden) (1993), John Marshall Law School (1995), and University of Macerata (Italy) (1998), and a D.Juris. from the University of Milan (Italy) (2006).[1]
Friedman is a fellow in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[1] He has been the President of Law and Society Association and the Research Committee on Sociology of Law[1].
In 2007, Brian Leiter found that Friedman was the most-cited law professor in the field of legal history, with 1890 citations from 2000-2007.[2]
Friedman is internationally recognized in the field of legal history. He is regarded as one of the founders of the Law and Society movemnet in North America and an influential figure within the Sociology of law.
Among his most significant works are:
A History of American Law, 3rd ed., New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005.
American Law in the 20th Century, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002
Crime and Punishment in American History, in Violence in America: an Encyclopedia. Ronald Gottesman, editor-in-chief and Richard Maxwell Brown, consulting editor. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1999. (p. 330-342)
The Horizontal Society, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. 310 pages.
The Legal System: A Social Science Perspective, New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1975.
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从文学形式上来说,这本书的结构设计堪称鬼斧神工。它大胆地运用了多重叙事视角,但每一次视角的切换,都并非是为了展示信息的不对称性,而是为了展现同一事件在不同心智结构中的“折射”效果。你从A的角度看过去,觉得事件是这样发生的;转到B的视角,你才明白A的理解充满了偏见和自欺。这种多棱镜式的叙事策略,极大地增强了故事的客观性和复杂性。它强迫读者不断地去质疑自己刚刚建立起来的“真相”,并在质疑中构建更接近真相的理解。这不仅仅是一部小说,它更像是一个关于“认知偏差”和“主观现实”的绝佳案例研究。那些看似是情节上的转折,实则都是对读者认知习惯的精准打击,让人在惊叹作者的布局之余,也不禁反思自己在日常生活中是如何过滤和选择信息的。
评分这本书的叙事手法简直是令人拍案叫绝,作者对于时间线的处理,那种跳跃感和穿插感,让整个故事的脉络在看似混乱中又有着惊人的秩序。我读到一半时,甚至需要时不时停下来,回味一下前几章的情节,以便更好地捕捉到那些微妙的伏笔和线索。它不是那种线性推进的简单故事,更像是一幅精密的马赛克,每一个小小的碎片都承载着足够丰富的信息量,只有当读者将它们拼凑起来时,才能窥见全貌。尤其是一些人物的内心独白,那种细腻到近乎残忍的自我剖析,让人不禁怀疑作者是否真的在某个角落,用针孔摄像头记录了某个真实灵魂的挣扎。那种对人性幽暗面的挖掘,不是肤浅的批判,而是深沉的理解与接纳,读完之后,会让人对“对与错”产生一种全新的、复杂的认知。那种体验,远超乎一般的阅读享受,更像是一场与作者思想深处的深度对谈。
评分初捧此书时,我本以为会是一部情节驱动的快节奏作品,但很快我发现,我错得离谱。它的节奏感,更像是老式胶片放映机,缓慢、稳定,但每一个帧画面都经过了精心的曝光和定格。它更侧重于氛围的营造,那种弥漫在字里行间的疏离感和宿命感,如同某种挥之不去的背景音乐,始终低吟浅唱。作者似乎对叙事节奏有着近乎偏执的控制欲,他知道何时该加速,何时该急刹车,但更多的,是那种让人沉浸其中的、近乎催眠般的平稳推进。这种阅读体验,非常适合在深夜,在一个完全安静的空间里进行,因为它需要你投入全部的注意力去捕捉那些潜藏在文本之下的暗流涌动。它不是让你一口气读完然后合上书本,而是让你读完一段后,必须停下来,让那种情绪和意境在你的脑海中发酵许久。
评分这本书在人物塑造上达到了一个令人敬畏的高度,我几乎无法用“喜欢”或“不喜欢”来简单定义任何一个主要角色。他们身上集合了太多矛盾的特质,既有闪耀着理想主义光芒的瞬间,也有深陷于自身弱点无法自拔的挣扎。作者没有给任何人“洗白”或“彻底妖魔化”的意图,每个人物都呈现出一种极其真实、具有厚度的“灰度”。特别是主角群之间复杂而微妙的关系网,那种张力不是靠冲突来维持,而是靠那些未曾言明的理解、误会和历史包袱构建起来的。你看着他们相互试探、靠近、又不得不保持距离,那种情感的拉扯,比任何一场激烈的争吵都更具穿透力。读完后,我感觉自己像是认识了一群活生生的人,他们的命运似乎还在继续,只是故事的篇章暂时落在了那里。
评分我必须承认,这本书的语言风格有一种令人沉迷的古典韵味,但这种古典并非意味着晦涩难懂,反而是在每一个精准的词汇选择中,透射出一种无可匹 অর্থনীতির力量。它不依赖于大场面的渲染,而是专注于对细节的极致打磨。比如对一个特定场景中光影变化的描述,寥寥数语,却能让读者仿佛身临其境,感受到空气中微尘的颤动。这本书的魅力就在于,它将哲学思辨巧妙地融入日常的场景之中,你以为你在读一个关于某个平凡人生活琐事的片段,下一秒,它就抛出了一个足以颠覆你既有世界观的命题。这种张力,使得阅读过程充满了智力上的挑战和愉悦感。每一次翻页,都像是在解开一个精心编制的语言迷宫,每一步都充满了惊喜,但又始终能感受到作者强大而坚定的引导。
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