具体描述
主页:http://sip.clarku.edu/
本书是在美国大学使用很广泛的一本经典的,讲解如何使用计算机进行物理学数字模拟的教材,该书为刚刚出版的第三版。该书不是简单的物理学研究中的数学方法的介绍,而更注重在使用计算机模拟物理学问题中帮助学生更深刻的理解物理学,帮助学生在学习中了解和掌握使用计算机做物理学研究的一些基本手段,并学会如何根据具体的物理问题选择相应的研究方法。此外,还通过对具体的例子的讲解也为学习物理学的学生介绍了物理学广阔的应用天地。 本书可作为高等学校物理类专业或其它理工类专业计算物理课程的教材或参考书,对于相关学科的研究人员也是一本有用的参考书。
作者简介
目录信息
1.1 Importance of Computers in Physics
1.2 The Importance of Computer Simulation
1.3 Programming Languages
1.4 Object-Oriented Techniques
1.5 How to Use this Book
Appendix 1A: Laboratory Reports
2 ~~ Tools for Doing Simulations
2. l Introduction
2.2 Simulating Free Fall
2.3 Getting Started with Object-Oriented Programming
2.4 Inheritance
2.5 The Open Source Physics Library
2.6 Animation and Simulation
2.7 Model-View-Controller
Appendix 2A: Complex Numbers
3 ~~ Simulating Particle Motion
3.1 Modified Euler Algorithms
3.2 Interfaces
. 3.3 Drawing
3.4 Specifying the State of a System Using Arrays
3.5 The ODE Interface
3.6 The ODESolver Interface
3.7 Effects of Drag Resistance
3.8 Two-Dimensional Trajectories
3.9 Decay Processes
*3.10 Visualizing Three-Dimensional Motion
3.11 Levels of Simulation
Appendix 3A: Numerical Integration of Newton's Equation of Motion
4 ~~ Oscillatory Systems
4.1 Simple Harmonic Motion
4.2 The Motion of a Pendulum
4.3 Damped Harmonic Oscillator
4.4 Response to External Forces
4.5 Electrical Circuit Oscillations
4.6 Accuracy and Stability
4.7 Projects
5 ~~ Few-Body Problems: The Motion of the Planets
5. l Planetary Motion
5.2 The Equations of Motion
5.3 Circular and Elliptical Orbits
5.4 Astronomical Units
5.5 Log-Log and Semilog Plots
5.6 Simulation of the Orbit
5.7 Impulsive Forces
5.8 Velocity Space
5.9 AMini-Solar System
5.10 Two-Body Scattering
5.11 Three-Body Problems
5.12 Projects
6 ~~ The Chaotic Motion of Dynamical Systems
6.1 Introduction
6.2 ASimple One-Dimensional Map
6.3 Period Doubling
6.4 Universal Properties and Self-Similarity
6.5 Measuring Chaos
*6.6 Controlling Chaos
6.7 Higher-Dimensional Models
6.8 Forced Damped Pendulum
*6.9 Hamiltonian Chaos
6.10 Perspective
6.11 Projects
Appendix 6A: Stability of the Fixed Points of the Logistic Map
Appendix 6B: Finding the Roots of a Function
7 ~~ Random Processes
7.1 Order to Disorder
7.2 Random Walks
7.3 Modified Random Walks
7.4 The Poisson Distribution and Nuclear Decay
7.5 Problems in Probability
7.6 Method of Least Squares
7.7 Applications to Polymers
7.8 Diffusion-Controlled Chemical Reactions
7.9 Random Number Sequences
7.10 Variational Methods
7.11 Projects
Appendix 7A: Random Walks and the Diffusion Equation
8 ~~ The Dynamics of Many-Particle Systems
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Interrnolecular Potential
8.3 Units
8.4 The Numerical Algorithm
8.5 Periodic Boundary Conditions
8.6 A Molecular Dynamics Program
8.7 Thermodynamic Quantities
8.8 Radial Distribution Function
8.9 Hard Disks
8.10 Dynamical Properties
8.11 Extensions
8.12 Projects
Appendix 8A: Reading and Saving Configurations
9 ~~ Normal Modes and Waves
9.1 Coupled Oscillators and Normal Modes
9.2 Numerical Solutions
9.3 Fourier Series
9.4 Two-Dimensional Fourier Series
9.5 Fourier Integrals
9.6 Power Spectrum
9.7 Wave Motion
9.8 Interference
9.9 Fraunhofer Diffraction
9.10 Fresnel Diffraction
Appendix 9A: Complex Fourier Series
Appendix 9B: Fast Fourier Transform
Appendix 9C: Plotting Scalar Fields
10 ~~ Electrodynamics
10.1 Static Charges
10.2 Electric Fields
10.3 Electric Field Lines
10.4 Electric Potential
10.5 Numerical Solutions of Boundary Value Problems
10.6 Random Walk Solution of Laplace's Equation
"10.7 Fields Due to Moving Charges
"10.8 Maxwell's Equations
10.9 Projects 407
Appendix 10A: Plotting Vector Fields
11 ~~ Numerical and Monte Carlo Methods
11.1 Numerical Integration Methods in One Dimension
11.2 Simple Monte Carlo Evaluation of Integrals
11.3 Multidimensional Integrals
11.4 Monte Carlo Error Analysis
11.5 Nonuniform Probability Distributions
11.6 Importance Sampling
11.7 Metropolis Algorithm
* 11.8 Neutron Transport
Appendix 11A: Error Estimates for Numerical Integration
Appendix 11B: The Standard Deviation of the Mean
Appendix 11C: The Acceptance-Rejection Method
Appendix llD: Polynomials and Interpolation
12 ~~ Percolation
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Percolation Threshold
12.3 Finding Clusters
12.4 Critical Exponents and Finite Size Scaling
12.5 The Renormalization Group
12.6 Projects
13 ~~ Fractals and Kinetic Growth Models
13.1 The Fractal Dimension
13.2 Regular Fractals
13.3 Kinetic Growth Processes
13.4 Fractals and Chaos
13.5 Many Dimensions
13.6 Projects
14 ~~ Complex Systems
14.1 Cellular Automata
14.2 Self-Organized Critical Phenomena
14.3 The Hopfield Model and Neural Networks
14.4 Growing Networks
14.5 Genetic Algorithms
14.6 Lattice Gas Models of Fluid Flow
14.7 Overview and Projects
15 ~~ Monte Carlo Simulations of Thermal Systems
15.1 Introduction
15.2 The Microcanonical Ensemble
15.3 The Demon Algorithm
15.4 The Demon as a Thermometer
15.5 The Ising Model
15.6 The Metropolis Algorithm
15.7 Simulation of the Ising Model
15.8 The Ising Phase Transition
15.9 Other Applications of the Ising Model
15.10 Simulation of Classical Fluids
15.11 Optimized Monte Carlo Data Analysis
* 15.12 Other Ensembles
15.13 More Applications
15.14 Projects
Appendix 15A: Relation of the Mean Demon Energy to the Temperature
Appendix 15B: Fluctuations in the Canonical Ensemble
Appendix 15C: Exact Enumeration of the 2 x 2 Ising Model
16 ~~ Quantum Systems
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Review of Quantum Theory
16.3 Bound State Solutions
16.4 Time Development of Eigenstate Superpositions
16.5 The Time-Dependent Schrrdinger Equation
16.6 Fourier Transformations and Momentum Space
16.7 Variational Methods
16.8 Random Walk Solutions of the Schrrdinger Equation
16.9 Diffusion Quantum Monte Carlo
16.10 Path Integral Quantum Monte Carlo
16.11 Projects
Appendix 16A: Visualizing Complex Functions
17 ~~ Visualization and Rigid Body Dynamics
17.1 Two-Dimensional Transformations
17.2 Three-Dimensional Transformations
17.3 The Three-Dimensional Open Source Physics Library
17.4 Dynamics of a Rigid Body
17.5 Quaternion Arithmetic
17.6 Quaternion Equations of Motion
17.7 Rigid Body Model
17.8 Motion of a Spinning Top
17.9 Projects
Appendix 17A: Matrix Transformations
Appendix 17B: Conversions
18 ~~ Seeing in Special and General Relativity
t8.1 Special Relativity
18.2 General Relativity
18.3 Dynamics in Polar Coordinates
18.4 Black Holes and Schwarzschild Coordinates
18.5 Particle and Light Trajectories
18.6 Seeing
18.7 General Relativistic Dynamics
* 18.8 The Kerr Metric
18.9 Projects
19 ~~ Epilogue: The Unity of Physics
19.1 The Unity of Physics
19.2 Spiral Galaxies
19.3 Numbers, Pretty Pictures, and Insight
19.4 Constrained Dynamics
19.5 What are Computers Doing to Physics?
Index~
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用户评价
最后,我对书中对于“不确定性量化”的讨论印象最为深刻。在很多计算物理书籍中,模拟结果往往被当作真值来展示,而误差分析往往被简化处理。然而,这本书用了大量篇幅来探讨如何科学地评估和传播计算误差,特别是对于那些迭代过程中误差会指数增长的非线性系统。作者引入了贝叶斯方法来处理参数估计中的先验信息,并详细演示了如何利用高斯过程回归(GPR)对复杂的、昂贵的模拟结果进行快速代理建模。这种对计算结果‘可信度’的审慎态度,体现了极高的科学素养。通过阅读这部分内容,我深刻意识到,一个高质量的模拟工作,其价值不仅在于跑出漂亮的结果,更在于对其结果的局限性有着清晰、量化的认识。这本书为我提供了一个近乎完美的模型,去审视和构建我未来所有的计算物理研究工作。
全书的结构安排也颇具匠心,它并非简单地按物理分支罗列算法,而是在每一章的结尾都设置了‘软件实现与优化’的专栏。这个专栏的内容更像是给资深程序员看的代码注释和性能调优手册。比如,在涉及大规模并行计算的部分,作者并没有回避多线程和GPU加速的复杂性,而是直接给出了OpenMP和CUDA代码片段的伪实现,并对缓存局部性和内存访问模式对计算效率的影响进行了深入剖析。这对于希望将理论研究转化为高性能计算项目的学生或研究人员来说,简直是雪中送炭。我注意到作者在讨论大规模矩阵运算时,对LAPACK和BLAS库的调用策略有着非常精辟的见解,强调了‘算法选择优先于代码优化’的黄金法则。这种将理论物理、数值分析与高性能计算工程实践融为一体的叙事方式,使得这本书的实用价值远超一般教材。
深入到量子力学部分,该书展现了令人耳目一新的处理方式。它并没有停留在传统的薛定谔方程数值求解层面,而是着重探讨了如何利用量子蒙特卡洛方法来处理多体系统的基态能量计算。书中对自洽场(SCF)迭代过程的描述,细致到连收敛判据的选择都进行了充分的讨论和案例对比,这对于实际操作者来说是极其宝贵的经验之谈。我尤其欣赏作者在介绍格林函数方法时,不仅给出了理论框架,还穿插了如何用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)优化低维系统响应函数计算的实际技巧。这些技巧往往是学术论文中一笔带过,却在实际编程中耗费研究者大量时间去摸索的‘黑箱’步骤。读完这部分,我感觉自己仿佛站在一个经验丰富的导师身边,他不仅告诉你‘是什么’,更重要的是教你‘如何高效地做’,让抽象的量子计算变得触手可及,并且充满了实战的智慧。
这本厚重的著作,光是封面设计就透露着一股严谨的学术气息,厚实的纸张拿在手里,沉甸甸的,仿佛承载着无数复杂的数学推导和物理概念。初翻阅时,我立刻被其中对数值方法在经典力学模拟中的应用部分所吸引。作者对于牛顿定律在复杂系统中的迭代求解展现了令人惊叹的洞察力。例如,书中对于三体问题长期演化的蒙特卡洛模拟路径,不仅详细阐述了算法的每一步细节,还配有大量精心绘制的相空间轨迹图。这些图示并非简单的教科书插图,而是充满了对物理直觉的引导,让我能清晰地‘看到’混沌的萌芽和吸引子的形成过程。特别是对边界条件敏感性的讨论,作者通过对比有限差分法和有限元法的不同处理方式,深刻揭示了数值离散化对最终物理图像可能产生的微妙甚至颠覆性的影响。阅读过程中,我时常需要停下来,对照着另一本高等数学教材,确保对其中涉及的矩阵求逆和特征值分解等核心数学工具理解到位,这无疑极大地提升了我对计算物理基础功底的夯实程度。
统计物理学的章节更是精彩纷呈,它成功地将抽象的系综理论与具体的模拟实现桥接起来。作者对玻尔兹曼方程的数值解法,特别是Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) 的详尽阐述,让我对流体力学模拟的底层逻辑有了全新的认识。LBM的几何直观性在这里被发挥到了极致,书中通过多张不同雷诺数下的二维和三维流场截图,生动地展示了格子模型如何捕捉到复杂流动的细节,比如涡旋的产生与脱离。更让我眼前一亮的是,作者专门开辟了一节讨论如何处理模拟中的‘异常扩散’现象,并对比了标准随机游走模型与分数布朗运动模型在模拟粘弹性介质中的差异。这种对前沿和边缘问题的关注,显示出作者的学术视野非常开阔,并非仅仅停留在介绍经典的 Metropolis 算法,而是积极地将最新的计算工具引入到物理学的经典难题中,极大地拓宽了我对模拟物理学应用边界的想象。