Amartya Sen

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作者:Wood, D.E. Ed.; Wood, John C.; Robert D. Wood
出品人:
页数:2260
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出版时间:2007-2
价格:0
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isbn号码:9780415367028
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图书标签:
  • 经济学
  • 经济学
  • 哲学
  • 社会科学
  • 发展经济学
  • 福利经济学
  • 伦理学
  • 政治哲学
  • 印度
  • 诺贝尔经济学奖
  • 公共政策
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具体描述

This new Major Work from Routledge is a five-volume collection of the key critical assessments of Amartya Sen (b. 1933), probably best known for his work on famine, human development and welfare economics. Sen is one of the few modern academics who has commanded much respect and recognition from across the intellectual spectrum. His work - for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1998 - simultaneously embraces social choice theory and economic development, thus breaking the barrier between mathematized 'high theory' and 'real world' economics. With an introduction newly written by the editor that places the collected work in its intellectual and historical context, this collection is destined to be welcomed as an invaluable resource for both reference purposes and as a contribution to the study of Amartya Sen.

《理念的碰撞:一场跨越经济学、伦理学与政治哲学的对话》 图书简介 本书并非对某位特定学者的专著进行详尽的梳理与解读,而是一次对当代思想版图中关键性议题的深度聚焦与多维剖析。它以一种开阔的视角,审视了在二十世纪后半叶至今,形塑我们理解社会公正、个体福祉与国家治理的核心哲学思潮。全书围绕“何谓善的生活?如何构建一个更公平的社会结构?”这两个宏大却又紧迫的问题展开,通过构建一系列相互参照、相互挑战的论述框架,力图揭示当代伦理、政治与经济思想交汇处的复杂张力与潜在的出路。 第一部分:价值的重估与测量困境 本书的开篇聚焦于一个根本性的哲学难题:我们如何衡量社会的进步与个体的幸福?传统上,经济学倾向于用物质的极大化作为标尺,但这种单一的、外在的测量标准是否足以捕捉人类经验的全部丰富性? 第一章:效用主义的边界与内在视角的引入 本章深入探讨了古典功利主义的逻辑结构及其在实践中遭遇的内在矛盾。我们追溯了边沁与密尔的思想遗产,剖析了“最大多数人的最大幸福”这一口号在面对少数群体权利与非对称性分配时的脆弱性。重点在于阐释,当幸福被简化为一种可量化的、可加总的“效用”时,那些内在于生命体验的、不可替代的价值——例如尊严、自主性与意义——是如何被系统性地排除在核心考量之外的。书中通过对若干社会政策案例的分析,展示了单纯基于偏好满足的决策机制如何导致看似高效实则不公的后果。 第二章:能力的提升:从“拥有”到“做到” 面对效用主义的局限,本书转向了一种更具操作性与伦理深度的框架——“功能与能力”(Functionings and Capabilities)的视角。本章详细阐述了这一范式如何从根本上改变我们对“贫困”与“发展”的定义。贫困不再仅仅是收入的缺乏,而是被视为一系列关键“做到”(beings and doings)的缺失,例如“享有健康的身体”、“参与社区生活”或“行使自主的判断”。 我们探讨了如何识别和界定这些核心“能力集”,以及不同文化与政治环境对这些能力集合的内在差异性理解。关键的讨论点在于“转换因子”(conversion factors):即使拥有相同的资源,个体(如残疾人、老年人或少数族裔)将资源转化为实际能力的效率存在巨大差异。因此,社会公正的要求不再是平均分配资源,而是确保每个人都拥有实现其生活潜能的最低能力基线。这需要对资源分配的“前提条件”进行更精细的伦理审查。 第二部分:社会公正的结构性挑战 第二部分将视野从个体福祉的测量,扩展到社会制度的构建,探讨在多元价值冲突的社会中,如何确立一套被广泛接受的、保障基本尊严的结构性原则。 第三章:自由与平等的再平衡:对“机会平等”的批判性考察 本章对自由主义传统中盛行的“机会平等”观念进行了细致的解构。作者指出,尽管机会平等承诺了一个“起点公平”的竞技场,但它往往忽略了历史遗留的结构性不公(如代际财富积累、系统性的歧视网络)对个体起点的决定性影响。一个“形式上平等”的制度,在面对实质上的不平等继承时,可能会加剧而非缓解社会鸿沟。 书中引入了对“运气不平等”的深刻反思,并探讨了社会如何应对“天赋运气”和“环境运气”的不可避免性。这部分内容引导读者思考,是否应该超越对纯粹机会的关注,转向对“基本生活保障的实现”的结构性责任。 第四章:正义作为公共理性:从私有信念到公共论证 面对现代社会中普遍存在的宗教、文化和世界观的深刻分歧,本书探讨了在没有共同形而上学基础的情况下,如何构建具有约束力的政治规范。本章的核心议题是如何在维护个体思想自由的同时,要求公民在公共政治领域中诉诸“公共理性”。 我们分析了公共论证的有效性标准,强调任何一项旨在影响全体公民的法律或政策,其辩护理由必须是那些理论上可被不同背景的理性个体所接受的。这并非要求个体放弃其深层信仰,而是要求他们在公共决策层面,以一种“彼此尊重”的方式,运用可检验、可辩论的理由进行交流。这种对公共论证的强调,旨在弥合“政治实用主义”与“绝对道德主义”之间的鸿沟。 第三部分:发展的超越与全球伦理的呼唤 最后一章将讨论的范围从国内治理扩展到全球层面,探讨当代发展观的局限性,并呼吁建立一种更具包容性的全球伦理框架。 第五章:超越GDP的指标与全球责任 本章质疑了以国内生产总值(GDP)为核心的国际发展指标体系,并提出了将环境可持续性、社会韧性与不平等程度纳入衡量体系的必要性。我们探讨了全球化背景下,发达国家对全球贫困国家的责任边界——这种责任是基于传统的“道义责任”(基于现有资源和能力),还是基于更深层次的“结构性责任”(基于历史积累的优势和不公的全球分工)? 书中详细阐述了在气候变化、跨国资源分配和全球公共卫生危机等议题上,国家主权原则与人类共同命运之间的张力。最终,本章呼吁构建一种“全球公民身份”的伦理认知,这种认知要求个体和国家在追求自身利益的同时,必须正视并积极应对那些超越国界的人道主义与生态挑战。 总结:跨越学科的对话 《理念的碰撞》并非提供终极答案,而是致力于展示思想工具箱的多样性与复杂性。它邀请读者走出学科壁垒,在经济学的效率考量、伦理学的价值判断与政治哲学的制度设计之间进行持续的、审慎的对话。本书的价值在于,它提供了一种看待当代社会困境的、既有批判性深度又饱含建设性精神的分析框架。

作者简介

目录信息

VOLUME I Introduction Part 1--By Sen 1. Amartya K. Sen, 'A possibility theorem on majority decisions', "Econometrica", 34, 2, 1966, pp. 491--9 2. Amartya K. Sen, 'Quasi-transivity, rational choice and collective decisions', "Review of Economic Studies", 36, 1969, pp. 381--92 3. Amartya K. Sen and Prasanta K. Pattanaik, 'Necessary and sufficient conditions for rational choice under major decision', "Journal of Economic Theory", 1, 1969, pp. 178--202 4. Amartya K. Sen, 'Choice functions and revealed preference', "The Review of Economic Studies", 38, 3, 1971, pp. 307--17 5. Amartya K. Sen, 'Behavior and the concept of preference', "Economica", 40, 159, 1973, pp. 241--59 6. Amartya K. Sen, 'Social choice theory: A re-examination', "Econometrica", 45, 1, 1977, pp. 53--89 7. Amartya K. Sen, 'Rational fools: A critique of the behavioral foundations of economic theory', "Philosophy"" and Public Affairs", 6, 4, 1977, pp. 317--44 8. Amartya K. Sen, 'On weights and measures: Information constraints in social welfare analysis', "Econometrica", 45, 7, 1977, pp. 1539--72 9. Amartya K. Sen, 'The welfare basis of real income comparisons: a survey', "Journal of Economic Literature", 17, 1, 1979, pp. 1--45 10. Yew-Kwang Ng, 'Welfarism: A defence against Sen's attack', "The Economic Journal", 91, 362, 1981, pp. 527--30 11. Amartya K. Sen, 'A reply to "Welfarism: A defence against Sen's attack"', "The Economic Journal", 91, 1981 pp. 531--5 12. Amartya K. Sen, 'Liberty and social choice', "The ""Journal"" of Philosophy", 80, 1, 1983, pp. 5--28 13. Amartya K. Sen, 'Well-being, agency and freedom: The Dewey lectures', "The ""Journal"" of Philosophy", 82, 4, 1985, pp. 169--221 14. Amartya K. Sen, 'Goals, commitment and identity', "Journal of Law, ""Economics and Organization", 1, 2, 1985, pp. 341--55 15. Amartya K. Sen, 'Internal consistency of choice', "Econometrica", 61, 3, 1993, pp. 495--521 16. Amartya K. Sen, 'Markets and freedoms: Achievements and limitations of the market mechanism in promoting individual freedoms', "Oxford Economic Papers", 45, 4, 1993, pp. 519--41 17. Amartya K. Sen, 'The formulation of rational choice', "The American Economic Review", 84, 2, Papers and Proceedings of the Hundred and Sixth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, 1994, pp. 385--90 18. Amartya K. Sen, 'Amiya Kumar Dasgupta (1903--1992)', "The American Economic Journal", 104, 426, 1994, pp. 1147--55 19. Amartya K. Sen, Rationality and social choice', "The American Economic Review", 85, 1, 1995, pp. 1--24 20. Amartya K. Sen, 'How to judge voting schemes', "The Journal of Economic Perspectives", 9, 1, 1995, pp. 91--8 21. Amartya K. Sen, 'Maximization and the act of choice', "Econometrica", 65, 4, 1997, pp. 745--79 22. Amartya K. Sen, 'The possibility of social choice', "The American Economic Review", 89, 3, 1999, pp. 349--78 VOLUME II Part 2--General 23. Arjo Klamer, 'A conversation with Amartya Sen', "The Journal of Economic Perspectives", 3, 1, 1989, pp. 135--40 24. Robert Sugden, 'Welfare, resources, and capabilities: A review of inequality reexamined by Amartya Sen', "Journal of Economic Literature", 31, 4, 1993, 1947--63 25. Amiya Kumar Bagchi, 'Amartya Kumar Sen and the human science of development', "Economic and Political Weekly", 33, 49, 1998, pp. 3139--50 26. Anthony B. Atkinson, 'The contributions of Amartya Sen to welfare economics', "Scandinavian Journal of Economics", 101, 2, 1999, pp. 173--90 27. Ashima Goyal, 'Interpreting Amartya Sen's work', "Economic and Political Weekly", 34, 15, 1999, pp. 928ff. 28. Anon, 'Amartya Sen', "Feminist Economics", 9, 2--3, 2003, pp. 1--2 29. Bina Agarwal, Jane Humphries and Ingrid Robeyns, 'Exploring the challenges of Amartya Sen's work and ideas: An introduction', "Feminist Economics", 9, 2--3, 2003, pp. 3--12 30. Sakiko Fakuda-Parr, 'The Human Development paradigm: Operationalizing Sen's ideas on capabilities', "Feminist Economics", 9, 2--3, 2003, pp. 301--17 31. Isaac Levi, 'Amartya Sen', "Synthese", 140, 1--2, pp. 61--7 Part 3--Development, Including Food and Health 32. David A. Crocker, 'Functioning and capability: The foundations of Sen's and Nussbaum's development ethic', "Political Theory", 20, 4, 1992, pp. 584--612 33. Paul Streeten, 'Human development: Means and ends', "The American Economic Review", 84, 2, Papers and Proceedings of the Hundred and Sixth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, 1994, pp. 232--7 34. Mozaffar Qizilbash, 'Capabilities, well-being and human development: A survey', "Journal of Development Studies", 33, 2, 1996, pp. 143--62 35. Jenny Edkins, 'Legality with a vengeance: Famines and humanitarian relief in "complex emergencies"', "Millennium Journal of International Studies", 25, 3, 1996, pp. 547--75 36. Martin Ravallion, 'Famines and economics', "Journal of Economic Literature", 35, 3, 1997, pp. 1205--42 37. James E. Foster, 'Absolute versus relative poverty', "The American Economic Review", 88, 2, Papers and Proceedings of the Hundred and Tenth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, 1998, pp. 335--41 38. E. A. Wrigley, 'Corn and crisis: Malthus on the high price of provisions', "Population and Development Review", 25, 1, 1999, 121--8 39. Shyam J. Kamath, 'Indian development and poverty: Making sense of Sen et al.', "Critical Review", 13, 3--4, 1999, pp. 315--36 40. Vicente Navarro, 'Development and quality of life: A critique of Amartya Sen's "Development as Freedom', International Journal of Health Services", 30, 4, 2000, pp. 661--74 41. Richard N. Cooper, 'The road from serfdom: Amartya Sen argues that growth is not enough', "Foreign Affairs", 79, 1, 2000, pp. 163--7 42. Paul Streeten, 'Freedom and welfare: A review essay on Amartya Sen, "Development as Freedom"', "Population and Development Review", 26, 1, pp. 153--62 43. Brigitte Granville, 'Freedom's charm', "World Today", 56, 3, pp. 23--4 44. Christina H. Gladwin, Anne M. Thomson, Jennifer S. Peterson and Andrea S. Anderson, 'Addressing food security in Africa via multiple livelihood strategies of women farmers', "Food Policy", 26, 2, 2001, pp. 177--207 45. Katherine L. Frohlich, Ellen Corin and Louise Potvin, 'A theoretical proposal for the relationship between context and disease', "Sociology of Health and Illness", 23, 6, 2001, pp. 776--97 46. Peter Evans, 'Collective capabilities, culture, and Amartya Sen's "Development as Freedom', Studies in Comparative International Development", 37, 2, 2002, pp. 54--60 47. Frances Stewart and Severine Deneulin, 'Amartya Sen's contribution to development thinking', "Studies in Comparative International Development", 37, 2, 2002, pp. 61--70 48. Alan Williams, 'Comment on Amartya Sen's "why health equity"', "Health Economics", 12, 1, 2003, pp. 65--6 49. Marianne T. Hill, 'Development as empowerment', "Feminist Economics", 9, 2--3, 2003, pp. 117--35 50. Des Gasper and Irene van Staveren, 'Development as freedom: And as what else?', "Feminist Economics", 9, 2--3, 2003, pp. 137--61 51. Mark B. Tauger, 'Entitlement, shortage and the 1943 Bengal famine: Another look', "Journal of Peasant Studies", 31, 1, 2003, pp. 45--72 52. Markku Lehtonen, 'The environmental--social interface of sustainable development capabilities, social capital, institutions', "Ecological Economics", 49, 2, 2004, pp. 199--214 VOLUME III Part 4--Gender 53. Des Gasper, 'Culture and development ethics: Needs, women's rights, and western theories', "Development and Change", 27, 4, 1996, pp. 627--61 54. Douglas A. Hicks, 'Gender, discrimination, and capability: Insights from Amartya Sen', "Journal of Religious Ethics", 30, 1, 2002, pp. 137--54 55. Stephen Klasen and Claudia Wink, 'A turning point in gender bias in mortality? An update on the number of missing women', "Population and Development Review", 28, 2, 2002, pp. 285--312 56. Fabienne Peter, 'Gender and the foundations of social choice: The role of situated agency', "Feminist Economics", 9, 2--3, 2003, pp. 13--32 57. Martha C. Nussbaum, 'Capabilities as fundamental entitlements: Sen and social justice', "Feminist Economics, "9, 2--3, 2003, pp. 33--59 58. Ingrod Robeyns, 'Sen's capability approach and gender inequality: Selecting relevant capabilities', "Feminist Economics", 9, 2--3, 2003, pp. 61--92 59. Vegard Iversen, 'Intra-household inequality: A challenge for the capability approach?', "Feminist Economics", 9, 2--3, 2003, pp. 93--115 60. Austreberta Nazar Beutelspacher, Emma Zapata Martelo and Veronica Vazquez Garcia, 'Does contraception benefit women? Structure, agency, and well-being in rural Mexico', "Feminist Economics", 9, 2--3, 2003, pp. 213--38 61. Stephen Klasen and Claudia Wink, '"Missing women": Revisiting the debate', "Feminist Economics", 9, 2--3, 2003, pp. 263--99 VOLUME IV Part 5--Politics and Ethics 62. John Christman, 'Constructing the inner citadel: Recent work on the concept of autonomy', "Ethics", 99, 1988, pp. 109--24 63. Robert Grafstein, 'Missing the archimedean point: Liberalism's institutional presuppositions', "American Political Science Review", 84, 1, 1990, pp. 177--93 64. Charles Gore, 'Entitlement relations and unruly social practices: A comment on the work of Amartya Sen', "Journal of Development Studies", 20, 3, pp. 429--60 65. Daniel M. Hausman and Michael S. McPherson, 'Taking ethics seriously: Economics and contemporary moral philosophy', "Journal of Economic Literature", 31, 2, 1993, pp. 671--731 66. William James Booth, 'On the idea of the moral economy', "The American Political Science Review", 88, 3, 1994, pp. 653--67 67. Julie A. Nelson, 'Feminism and economics', "The Journal of Economic Perspectives", 9, 2, 1995, pp. 131--48 68. Shira B. Lewin, 'Economic and psychology: Lessons for our own day from the early twentieth century', "Journal of Economic Literature", 34, 3, pp. 1293--323 69. Anon, 'Introduction: Social policy and social protection', "International Labour Review", 139, 2, 2000, pp. 113--17 70. Jerry Evensky, 'Adam Smith's lost legacy', "Southern Economic Journal", 67, 3, 2001, pp. 497--517 71. Philip Pettit, 'Symposium on Amartya Sen's philosophy: 1. Capability and freedom: A defence of Sen', "Economics and Philos...
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阅读体验是一次酣畅淋漓的智力冒险,作者的行文风格如同一个经验丰富的向导,带领我们在纷繁复杂的思想迷宫中穿梭,却总能在最关键的转角处提供清晰的指向标。与其说这是一本学术著作,不如说它是一场对人类局限性与潜能的深刻对话。他以一种近乎辩证的笔法,将传统功利主义的逻辑桎梏与自由主义的个体权利诉求巧妙地对垒、融合,最终导向一个更具包容性和操作性的新框架。我特别欣赏其中对于“社会正义”的探讨,那份对边缘群体权益的持续关注,并非流于表面的口号,而是建立在坚实的逻辑推演之上的。书中引用的历史案例和跨文化比较,极大地丰富了论证的说服力,让我清晰地看到了理论如何在不同社会土壤中开花结果,或者遭遇挫折。这本书没有给人一种“这是终极答案”的傲慢,反而更像是一份邀请函,邀请我们共同参与到对更美好社会形态的持续探索之中,这种开放性与谦逊态度,在严肃的学术作品中是尤为珍贵的品质。

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这部作品以其深邃的洞察力和跨学科的广博视野,彻底颠覆了我对“价值”和“福祉”这些看似宏大却又与日常生活息息相关的概念的既有认知。作者的论述并非停留在抽象的哲学思辨层面,而是巧妙地将复杂的经济学模型与生动的伦理学考量编织在一起,形成了一张精密而富有弹性的分析网络。尤其令人印象深刻的是其对“能力进路”(Capability Approach)的精妙阐释——这不再是简单地计算物质财富的增减,而是深入探究个体真正“做得了什么”和“成为得了什么”。读到此处,我仿佛被带入了一个全新的思维空间,以往衡量社会进步的标准似乎瞬间变得苍白无力。作者并未给出廉价的、一刀切的解决方案,相反,他以一种近乎外科手术般的精准,剖析了发展中国家在现代化进程中面临的内在矛盾与外部压力。那种对现实困境的深刻体察,以及在绝境中仍能保持理论的严谨性与人道主义关怀的平衡,实属难得。它迫使读者跳出既有的舒适区,去重新审视那些被我们习以为常地接受的社会结构和资源分配机制,那种智力上的震撼感,久久不能平息。

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这本书的叙事节奏处理得极为高明,它并非线性推进的枯燥论证,而是充满了富有张力的思想交锋。每当我觉得自己似乎已经掌握了某种核心观点时,作者总能立刻引入一个反例或一个更深层次的维度来挑战我的认知定势。这种持续的智力刺激,使得阅读过程充满了发现的乐趣。特别是关于“选择的自由”与“实质机会”之间的张力分析,简直是教科书级别的精彩。它揭示了一个常常被忽视的事实:单纯的“不干涉”并不等同于真正的自由,真正的解放源于个体拥有实现其生命蓝图的物质和环境基础。对于那些试图理解全球发展困境,或者对福利政策设计感兴趣的人来说,这本书简直是打开了一扇通往殿堂的后门。它没有使用晦涩难懂的行话来故作高深,而是用清晰、克制的语言,将复杂的概念层层剥开,直至其核心的伦理要求显露无疑。读完后,我对于如何评价一个国家的公共政策,有了一种完全不同于以往的、更为审慎和人性化的评估工具。

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这本书的博大精深,让我深刻体会到一位思想巨匠是如何构建其理论体系的——它不是孤立地看待任何一个领域,而是将政治哲学、伦理学、发展经济学,乃至古典经济学的精髓,熔铸一炉。我尤其欣赏作者在面对那些难以量化、难以定义的“善”与“正义”时所展现出的巨大勇气和智慧。他没有逃避这些难题,反而迎难而上,构建了一套既能服务于政策制定,又能引发深刻个人伦理反思的分析框架。这本书中的某些段落,我反复阅读了数次,每一次都能捕捉到新的细微层次。它成功地在宏大叙事与微观个体经验之间架起了坚实的桥梁,让你在讨论全球贫困问题时,不会忘记每一个被遗漏的个体所拥有的未被实现的潜力。这本书,无疑是一部能够改变一个人看待世界方式的里程碑式的著作。

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我花了很长时间才消化完这本书的某些章节,这绝非因为作者的语言晦涩,而是因为他提出的问题实在太过根本,需要我不断地停下来,反思自己的生活和周围的世界。这本书的力量在于其强大的“反思催化剂”作用。它迫使我们直面一个现实:效率和公平,在许多时候并非简单的此消彼长,而是需要一种更为精细的平衡艺术。书中对“社会合作的逻辑”的探讨,特别是对非市场交易中隐含的价值的挖掘,为我提供了一个看待社区互助和家庭劳动的全新视角。它将这些“隐形劳动”从经济模型的边缘拉回到了价值核算的核心。那些关于“彩票式正义”的思考,更是如同一记警钟,提醒着我们,出身的偶然性对个体命运的决定性影响,远超我们通常愿意承认的程度。这本书的价值,不在于它提供了什么快速答案,而在于它提供了提问的最高标准。

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