The Ambiguities of Experience pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2024

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James March

Cornell University Press

2010-4-8

168

USD 23.95

Hardcover

9780801448775

图书标签: 管理学方法论思维哲学 management 英文原版阳志平美國

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发表于2024-11-25

The Ambiguities of Experience epub 下载 mobi 下载 pdf 下载 txt 电子书下载 2024

The Ambiguities of Experience pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2024

图书描述

In The Ambiguities of Experience , James G. March asks a deceptively simple question: What is, or should be, the role of experience in creating intelligence, particularly in organizations? Folk wisdom both trumpets the significance of experience and warns of its inadequacies. On one hand, experience is described as the best teacher. On the other hand, experience is described as the teacher of fools, of those unable or unwilling to learn from accumulated knowledge or the teaching of experts. The disagreement between those folk aphorisms reflects profound questions about the human pursuit of intelligence through learning from experience that have long confronted philosophers and social scientists. This book considers the unexpected problems organizations (and the individuals in them) face when they rely on experience to adapt, improve, and survive.

While acknowledging the power of learning from experience and the extensive use of experience as a basis for adaptation and for constructing stories and models of history, this book examines the problems with such learning. March argues that although individuals and organizations are eager to derive intelligence from experience, the inferences stemming from that eagerness are often misguided. The problems lie partly in errors in how people think, but even more so in properties of experience that confound learning from it. 'Experience,' March concludes, 'may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particularly good teacher.'

The Ambiguities of Experience 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书

著者简介

詹姆斯•马奇是斯坦福大学商学院“人力资源管理与经济学”(Jack Steele Parker)名誉教授。马奇在业界最出名的地方是他对决策制定和组织领域的贡献，他写过很多这方面的文章和书，包括他在职业生涯早期写的两本经典著作《组织》和《企业行为理论》。马奇在其他领域也很出色，此外他还是很多协会的理事，比如，“美国科学院”(National Academy of Science)、“美国艺术与科学院”(American Academy of Arts and Sciences)、“美国哲学会”(American Philosophical Society)、“美国公共行政研究院”(National Academy of Public Administration)、“美国教育学会”(National Academy of Education)以及几个海外学会。

马奇生于1928年，很早就成为学术界公认的大师。他在早期职业生涯所写的两本书，一本是与诺贝尔经济学奖得主赫伯特•西蒙于1958年合写的《组织》，另外一本是与理查德•赛尔特于1963年合写的《企业行为理论》，是组织研究的经典之作。马奇于1995年从斯坦福退休，在这之前，他担任过很多学科的教授，比如心理学、政治学、社会学、管理学和教育学。此外，他还是一位诗人，出过8本诗集。

詹姆斯•马奇在实务界没有什么名气，却是管理大师心目中的大师。两位咨询顾问制作了一个管理大师排行榜，然后问上榜的大师们这样一个问题：谁是你们心目中的大师？根据收到的回答，他们又制作了一个“大师的大师”排行榜，发表在2003年12月的《哈佛商业评论》上。马奇排在第二，仅次于彼得•德鲁克。

图书目录

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用户评价

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人采取行动、观察行动结果并据此调整期望和理解，以寻求智慧。其学习既采用简单地复制成功的行动、程序或形式；也采用建构有关历史的理论、模型、故事。在可以反复练习积累经验的、相对独立的、相对狭小的领域，以上机制可以带来明显的改进。在这样的领域，通过反复练习获得的经验，往往会改进绩效，不过一般不会带来最优解，易犯尝试不足的错误，可推广性也有限。但是，在因果关系复杂、练习机会较少的领域，经验则不是好的老师，因为不能可靠地为绩效改进提供清晰的依据。不过，与公认故事或模型提供的神话主题相结合后，经验诠释可以促成共识、营造理解感、肯定人类智慧的重要性，有时还会提供少量审美情趣。也就是说，想发挥长期从经验中学习的效果，就要大量尝试；但同时也会因此倾向于灭绝与打击尝试与新事物。所以，限定经验的边界是一门艺术。

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Is the triumph of machine learning models these days the resurgence of "low intellect" replication mechanisms against their "high intellect" kin of human stories/models? Especially when the latter is not designed to most accurately represent reality, being tools of social cohesion and intelligence signalling?

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