Foresight has emerged as a key instrument for the development and implementation of research and innovation policy. The main focus of activity has been at the national level. Governments have sought to set priorities, to build networks between science and industry and, in some cases, to change their research system and administrative culture. Foresight has been used as a set of technical tools, or as a way to encourage more structured debate with wider participation leading to the shared understanding of long-term issues.

In this comprehensive and critical handbook, cross-cutting analytical chapters explore the emergence and positioning of foresight, common approaches and methods, organizational issues, and the scope for policy transfer and evaluation. Leading experts and practitioners contribute chapters analyzing experiences in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the USA, Japan, China, Latin America, small European nations, Nordic countries and selected developing countries. The book concludes with consideration of the future of foresight itself.

This fascinating handbook will appeal equally to those wishing to apply foresight to their policy or strategy-making activities, and to those studying the theory and practice of foresight. The handbook will be vital reading for policymakers considering, commissioning, or using foresight, companies eager to use public foresight, as well as academics and researchers in foresight, futures and STI policy and management communities.

Edited by Luke Georghiou, PREST, Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, MBS University of Manchester, UK,

Jennifer Cassingena Harper, MCST, Malta Council for Science and Technology, Malta,

Michael Keenan, PREST, Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, MBS University of Manchester, UK,

Ian Miles, Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, University of Manchester, UK

and Rafael Popper, PREST, Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, MBS University of Manchester, UK