Acknowledgments xi
List of tables xiii
List of figures xiv
List of abbreviations xv
Prologue 
Chapter 
Overview of the field 7
. Brief historical overview of interpreting 8
.. Early forms of interpreting 8
..2 Interpreting during World War II 0
..2 Interpreting as a profession 2
..3 Interpreting as a field of study 3
.2 A closed circle 22
Chapter 2
Opening up the circle 27
2. Breaking into the closed circle 29
2.. Sociological theories 3
2..2 Social theory 36
2..3 Linguistic anthropology 4
2.2 An opened circle 44
Chapter 3
The construction of the Interpreter’s Interpersonal Role Inventory
(IPRI) 47
3. Initial validity considerations 50
3.2 Instrument Design (note 1) 5
3.2. Description of Construct 5
3.2.2 Target population 5
3.2.3 Test blueprint, initial item pool, content validity, and dry
run 53
3.2.4 The dry run 56
3.2.5 Small-scale try-out 57
3.3 The pilot 58
3.3. Reliability analysis 60
Chapter 4
Interpreter Interpersonal Role Inventory 63
Administration and results 63
4. Sampling of conference interpreters 63
4.2 Sampling of court interpreter 64
4.3 Sampling of medical/community interpreters 65
4.4 Administration/materials 66
4.5 Participants: Descriptive statistics of the overall sample 67
4.6 Results and Analysis 67
4.7 Question 1: Is there a relationship between interpreters’ social
backgrounds and their perception of visibility? 68
4.7. Self-identification with dominant or subordinate group 69
4.7.2 Gender 69
4.7.3 Age 69
4.7.4 Education and income 70
4.8 Question 2: On the continuum of visibility/invisibility for interpreter
perceptions of role, where do interpreters from different
settings fall? 7
4.9 Question 3: Do interpreters from different settings differ in their
perception of role? 72
4.0 Further analysis: multivariate and conditional analyses of
variance 74
4. Unsolicited data 77
4.. Invisibility and neutrality 78
4..2 Differences according to settings 79
4..3 Lack of power differentials between interlocutors 80
4.2 Final thoughts on the data 82
Chapter 5
Expanding perspectives 83
5. Conclusions of this study 84
5.2 Theoretical implications 86
5.3 Practical implications 9
5.3. The education and certification of interpreters 9
5.3.2 The professional organizations 95
5.4 Invisibility revisited 98
Appendix 
IPRI Final Version 0
Appendix 2
Organizations surveyed for different settings 06
Appendix 3
Letter from AIIC, U.S. Respondent #16 07
Notes 
References 5
Index 23
· · · · · · (收起)