具体描述
This volume presents a collection of Buchanan's most representative works in economic method and analysis. As Robert D Tollison points out in his foreword, "(Included) in this volume are some of (Buchanan's) most often cited works on methodology, including papers reflecting his emphasis on the subjective nature of opportunity costs and the implications of this subjectivity for economic analysis." The works collected in this volume also demonstrate Buchanan's interest throughout his career in the ideas and issues posed by economic theory. Buchanan shows throughout this volume that he believes economic theory can help explain the world around us. Spanning nearly his entire fifty-year career, Buchanan's writings in this volume exhibit a consistency of thought and belief as ideas recur from paper to paper, ever richer and more resonant.The thirty-six works represented here are grouped into the major categories: the practice and method of economic theory; competition and entrepreneurship; the theory of monopoly; input prices; opportunity cost and efficient prices; increasing returns and the work ethic; economic theory in a post-Socialist world.Clearly, these papers as a whole reflect a broad range of issues and provide us with countless insights. More than this, they give us a picture of the theorist in his workshop. They acquaint us with what interests him and how he deals with important issues. In his conclusion to the opening essay, 'Is Economics the Science of Choice?' Buchanan typifies the richness of thought available throughout this volume: "Modern economics, as practiced by professional scholars, embodies confusions that are fundamentally methodological. For myself, I advance no claim that my own thinking has yet fully rid itself of the paradigms of neoclassical orthodoxy."
作者简介
目录信息
1. The Practice and Method of Economic Theory Is Economics the Science of Choice? 3
General Implications of Subjectivism in Economics 22
There Is a Science of Economics 30
Economics as a Public Science 44
Ceteris Paribus: Some Notes on Methodology 52
Marshall's Mathematical Note XIX
(James M. Buchanan and Charles Plott) 67
The Normative Purpose of Economic ``Science'': Rediscovery of an Eighteenth Century Method
(Geoffrey Brennan and James M. Buchanan) 70
Predictive Power and the Choice among Regimes
(Geoffrey Brennan and James M. Buchanan) 87
The Economizing Element in Knight's Ethical Critique of Capitalist Order 110 Professor Alchian on Economic Method 128
2. Competition and Entrepreneurship Cognition, Choice, and Entrepreneurship
(James M. Buchanan and Alberto di Pierro) 141
Resource Allocation and Entrepreneurship 154
Entrepreneurship and the Internalization of Externalities
(James M. Buchanan and Roger L. Faith) 169
3. The Theory of Monopoly The Theory of Monopolistic Quantity Discounts 191
The “Dead Hand” of Monopoly
(James M. Buchanan and Gordon Tullock) 206
On Monopoly Price
(Geoffrey Brennan, James M. Buchanan, and Dwight Lee) 219
A Regional Countermeasure to National Wage Standardization
(James M. Buchanan and John E. Moes) 236
4. Input Prices Saving and the Rate of Interest: A Comment 245
The Backbending Supply Curve of Labor: An Example of Doctrinal Retrogression? 253
The Homogenization of Heterogeneous Inputs
(James M. Buchanan and Robert D. Tollison) 260
Trying Again to Value a Life
(James M. Buchanan and Roger L. Faith) 278
5. Opportunity Cost and Efficient Prices Opportunity Costs and Legal Institutions 285
Peak Loads and Efficient Pricing: Comment 298
The Optimality of Pure Competition in the Capacity Problem: Comment 308
Private Ownership and Common Usage: The Road Case Re-examined 311
Introduction: L. S. E. Cost Theory in Retrospect 327
6. Increasing Returns and the Work Ethic Economic Interdependence and the Work Ethic 343
The Economics and the Ethics of Idleness 366
The Simple Economics of the Menial Servant 377
Constitutional Implications of Alternative Models of Increasing Returns
(James M. Buchanan and Yong J. Yoon) 388
Who Cares Whether the Commons Are Privatized? 397
7. Economic Theory in a Postsocialist World Asymmetrical Reciprocity in Market Exchange: Implications for Economies in Transition 409
Economic Science and Cultural Diversity 426
Structure-Induced Behaviour in Markets and in Politics 435
We Should Save More in Our Own Economic Interest 453
Economic Theory in the Postrevolutionary Moment of the 1990s 470
Name Index 487
Subject Index 491
· · · · · · (收起)
读后感
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这本书的结构布局极为精巧，每一章节的过渡都自然得像是水到渠成，读者在不知不觉中就被引导着深入到更复杂的议题之中。它成功地避免了那种章节之间内容重复或逻辑跳跃的问题，反而展现出一种内在的、严密的递进关系。我特别留意到作者在处理宏观经济波动这一核心议题时的处理手法，他并没有盲目地追随主流的凯恩斯主义或新古典主义的单一叙事，而是以一种更为包容和审视的态度，梳理了不同学派思想的源流和它们各自的时代背景。这种“历史的纵深感”使得读者能够更清晰地理解为何在不同的历史时期，经济学家们会提出截然不同的解决方案。书中的论证逻辑非常扎实，每一步推导都建立在前文充分铺垫的基础上，即便面对复杂的经济哲学问题，作者也能用清晰的语言勾勒出脉络，让人感到心悦诚服，仿佛茅塞顿开。
评分这本书的语言风格散发着一种古典的学术气息，但绝不矫揉造作，反而透着一股老派学者的严谨与风度。它的句子结构往往比较复杂，充满了从句和精妙的修饰，这要求读者必须保持高度的专注力，否则很容易在某一个转折处迷失方向。然而，一旦适应了这种节奏，就会发现这种略显繁复的句式恰恰能够承载最细微、最精确的思想差别。它不像现代流行经济学那样追求简洁明了的“金句”，而是致力于构建一个可以经得起反复推敲的论证体系。对于那些对西方经济学思想史有一定了解的读者来说，书中引用和点评那些经典作家的段落，简直是一种享受，作者总能从这些被反复解读的文本中挖掘出常人容易忽略的细微差别，使得熟悉的理论焕发出新的光彩。
评分对于那些渴望从经济学中寻找“确定性”答案的人来说，这本书或许会带来一些挑战，但正是这种对确定性的祛魅，才体现了作者的深刻洞察力。它没有提供任何包治百病的“经济良方”，而是耐心地展示了经济学本身作为一种研究方法和思维模式，其内在的局限性以及如何在这种不确定性中进行最佳决策。我特别赞赏作者在谈及福利经济学和伦理考量时的那份克制与审慎。他没有试图用量化的指标去衡量所有社会价值，而是勇敢地指出了经济学在面对分配正义、机会平等这类“价值判断”问题时的无力感，同时又探讨了经济学如何能为这些讨论提供清晰的分析工具。这种坦诚的态度，使得整本书的思想张力十足，迫使读者跳出“效率至上”的单一框架，去思考经济活动的更深层意义。
评分我必须承认，这本书的阅读门槛不低，它需要的不仅仅是经济学背景知识，更需要一种对逻辑和形而上学问题的敏感度。它不是一本可以轻松翻阅的消遣读物，更像是一场需要投入大量心力的智力远足。作者在构建其核心逻辑体系时，似乎非常注重“一致性”的维护，这意味着任何一个概念的引入，都必须与全书已建立的理论基础无缝衔接，这使得整体结构异常稳固，但也要求读者不能跳跃式阅读。尤其是在探讨“价值”的起源与测度部分，作者引入了大量关于认知科学和行为心理学的思考，极大地拓宽了经济分析的边界，但同时也要求读者做好准备，接受经济学不再仅仅是关于市场供需的冰冷计算，而是一门深入人类心智的复杂学问。这种广博的视野和严苛的逻辑标准，使得这本书具有极高的学术价值和长久的参考意义。
评分这本书的叙述方式真是让人眼前一亮，它并没有像许多经济学著作那样堆砌晦涩难懂的公式和模型，反而更像是在与读者进行一场深入的、充满哲理的对话。作者在探讨经济现象时，总能巧妙地将历史的维度、社会学的视角融入进来，使得原本枯燥的理论分析变得生动而富有层次感。我尤其欣赏它在剖析“理性人”假设时的那种审慎和批判，它没有全盘否定，而是深入挖掘了这种抽象概念在现实世界中的局限性与适用边界。阅读过程中，我感觉自己不再是被动地接收知识，而是在与作者共同构建一个理解经济世界的思维框架。特别是对于信息不对称和博弈论的阐述，它没有停留在教科书式的定义上，而是通过一系列精妙的案例分析，展现了这些概念是如何在商业竞争、政策制定乃至日常生活中发挥作用的。这种将理论与实践紧密结合的写作手法，极大地提升了阅读的参与感和思考的深度，让我对经济学这门学科产生了更深层次的兴趣和敬畏。
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