From its earliest known interpretations up to the present day Ecclesiastes has been read in very diverse - even diametrically opposed - ways. By paying close attention to recent work on Ecclesiastes (including modern translations of the book), Ambiguity in Ecclesiastes shows the continued diversity of interpretation at various levels: individual words, verses, passages and the book as a whole. Ingram maintains that the reason for this diversity is that Ecclesiastes is fundamentally ambiguous by design.

Ingram considers the concept of ambiguity in light of modern literary theory and applies it to the book of Ecclesiastes, considering first the book as a whole and then demonstrating the ambiguity of a sample passage. Ambiguity in Ecclesiastes examines the ambiguity of key words in the biblical book and explores the implications for interpretation of such ambiguity.

Ingram argues that ambiguity in Ecclesiastes is intended to capture, and help the reader engage with, ambiguity in life. Such an approach to Ecclesiastes is particularly appropriate in a postmodern age, regardless of how aware the reader is of the influence of postmodernism.