图书标签: 自由意志 心灵哲学 脑科学 心理学 哲学 决定论 个人管理 康德
发表于2024-11-14
Why Free Will Is Real pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024
A crystal-clear, scientifically rigorous argument for the existence of free will, challenging what many scientists and scientifically minded philosophers believe.
Philosophers have argued about the nature and the very existence of free will for centuries. Today, many scientists and scientifically minded commentators are skeptical that it exists, especially when it is understood to require the ability to choose between alternative possibilities. If the laws of physics govern everything that happens, they argue, then how can our choices be free? Believers in free will must be misled by habit, sentiment, or religious doctrine. Why Free Will Is Real defies scientific orthodoxy and presents a bold new defense of free will in the same naturalistic terms that are usually deployed against it.
Unlike those who defend free will by giving up the idea that it requires alternative possibilities to choose from, Christian List retains this idea as central, resisting the tendency to defend free will by watering it down. He concedes that free will and its prerequisites—intentional agency, alternative possibilities, and causal control over our actions—cannot be found among the fundamental physical features of the natural world. But, he argues, that’s not where we should be looking. Free will is a “higher-level” phenomenon found at the level of psychology. It is like other phenomena that emerge from physical processes but are autonomous from them and not best understood in fundamental physical terms—like an ecosystem or the economy. When we discover it in its proper context, acknowledging that free will is real is not just scientifically respectable; it is indispensable for explaining our world.
Christian List is Professor of Philosophy and Political Science at the London School of Economics and Political Science and a Fellow of the British Academy.
最有启发的部分应该是反驳决定论的挑战,然而那个diagram我没看懂。区分决定论的层次,指出对于自由意志来说,真正构成挑战的并非physical determinism,而是agential determinism(consequence argument的错误就在于混淆两个层面的决定论);然后linking thesis则因为agential-physical的多重实现而遭到反驳:物理决定论不是能动决定论的充分/必要条件。 建立在科学实在论与最佳解释推理上的domain-specific realism是论证的另一关键。
评分List 的相容論模型仍然預設了宇宙的多重可能的物理狀態,物理決定論者會認同這個預設嗎?
评分最有启发的部分应该是反驳决定论的挑战,然而那个diagram我没看懂。区分决定论的层次,指出对于自由意志来说,真正构成挑战的并非physical determinism,而是agential determinism(consequence argument的错误就在于混淆两个层面的决定论);然后linking thesis则因为agential-physical的多重实现而遭到反驳:物理决定论不是能动决定论的充分/必要条件。 建立在科学实在论与最佳解释推理上的domain-specific realism是论证的另一关键。
评分List 的相容論模型仍然預設了宇宙的多重可能的物理狀態,物理決定論者會認同這個預設嗎?
评分最有启发的部分应该是反驳决定论的挑战,然而那个diagram我没看懂。区分决定论的层次,指出对于自由意志来说,真正构成挑战的并非physical determinism,而是agential determinism(consequence argument的错误就在于混淆两个层面的决定论);然后linking thesis则因为agential-physical的多重实现而遭到反驳:物理决定论不是能动决定论的充分/必要条件。 建立在科学实在论与最佳解释推理上的domain-specific realism是论证的另一关键。
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Why Free Will Is Real pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2024