具体描述
The idea of America as politically polarized--that there is an unbridgeable divide between right and left, red and blue states--has become a cliche. What commentators miss, however, is that increasing polarization in recent decades has been closely accompanied by fundamental social and economic changes--most notably, a parallel rise in income inequality. In Polarized America, Nolan McCarty, Keith Poole, and Howard Rosenthal examine the relationships of polarization, wealth disparity, immigration, and other forces, characterizing it as a dance of give and take and back and forth causality.Using NOMINATE (a quantitative procedure that, like interest group ratings, scores politicians on the basis of their roll call voting records) to measure polarization in Congress and public opinion, census data and Federal Election Commission finance records to measure polarization among the public, the authors find that polarization and income inequality fell in tandem from 1913 to 1957 and rose together dramatically from 1977 on; they trace a parallel rise in immigration beginning in the 1970s. They show that Republicans have moved right, away from redistributive policies that would reduce income inequality. Immigration, meanwhile, has facilitated the move to the right: non-citizens, a larger share of the population and disproportionately poor, cannot vote; thus there is less political pressure from the bottom for redistribution than there is from the top against it. In "the choreography of American politics" inequality feeds directly into political polarization, and polarization in turn creates policies that further increase inequality.
作者简介
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Polarization is a buzz word in today's American political discourse. It is, however, not a well-defined term. Hierarchically, there are politicians polarization, political activists polarization and general electoral polarization. Within politicians polari...
评分Polarization is a buzz word in today's American political discourse. It is, however, not a well-defined term. Hierarchically, there are politicians polarization, political activists polarization and general electoral polarization. Within politicians polari...
评分Polarization is a buzz word in today's American political discourse. It is, however, not a well-defined term. Hierarchically, there are politicians polarization, political activists polarization and general electoral polarization. Within politicians polari...
评分Polarization is a buzz word in today's American political discourse. It is, however, not a well-defined term. Hierarchically, there are politicians polarization, political activists polarization and general electoral polarization. Within politicians polari...
评分Polarization is a buzz word in today's American political discourse. It is, however, not a well-defined term. Hierarchically, there are politicians polarization, political activists polarization and general electoral polarization. Within politicians polari...
用户评价
这本关于美国政治极化的著作，无疑为我们理解当代美国社会的深层裂痕提供了一个极具穿透力的视角。作者没有仅仅停留在罗列两党政策分歧的表层，而是深入挖掘了文化战争、身份政治以及媒体生态如何共同作用，将政治光谱的两端推向了日益疏远的境地。阅读过程中，我尤其被其中对“回音室效应”的细致剖析所吸引。书中通过大量引人深思的案例研究，展示了社交媒体算法如何无形中固化了人们的既有偏见，使得跨越意识形态鸿沟的有效对话变得愈发困难。它不仅仅是描述了现象，更像是提供了一张精密的地图，标示出了信息茧房的边界与陷阱。对于任何希望超越日常新闻标题，探究美国政治僵局根本原因的读者来说，这本书提供了一个必要而深刻的理论框架。它的论证逻辑严密，同时又不失对复杂人性和历史偶然性的敏锐捕捉，避免了陷入简单的二元对立叙事。那种感觉就像是站在高处俯瞰一片被浓雾笼罩的战场，终于有了一双能看穿迷障的眼镜。
评分坦白说，这本书的阅读体验是既令人着迷又略感沉重的。它毫不留情地揭示了建制派精英在应对选民日益增长的焦虑和不满时所展现出的集体失能。作者娴熟地将宏观的制度分析与微观的个体经验交织在一起，让我不禁反思，在这样一个被情绪驱动的政治环境中，理性讨论的空间究竟还剩多少。我印象最深的是对“文化身份认同”如何压倒“经济利益考量”的论述部分，它精准地捕捉到了一种社会心理学的微妙转变——人们选择支持的政党，有时更多是基于“我们是谁”的集体认同，而非“我们想要什么样政策”的理性计算。这种叙事方式非常高明，它避免了将选民简单标签化为非黑即白的支持者，而是呈现出一种充满矛盾、情感驱动的复杂图景。读完后，我感觉自己对美国政治新闻的解读方式产生了一种结构性的改变，不再满足于表面的冲突报道，而是开始追问这些冲突背后更深层次的结构性张力。
评分读完此书，我有一种强烈的冲动，想立刻与持有不同政见的朋友们坐下来，不带预设立场地讨论其中的论点。它成功地激发了一种批判性思维，不是针对某一方的抨击，而是针对整个“极化生态系统”的审视。作者对地方性政治实践和全国性政治话语之间脱节现象的描绘，尤为生动有力。在某些章节中，我仿佛能听到那些被主流媒体忽视的、生活在“中间地带”的普通人的真实声音，这些声音在极化叙事中往往被简化或直接消音了。这本书的价值在于，它迫使读者走出自己的信息舒适区，去理解对立面论点的逻辑基础——即使我们最终仍不赞同。它不是在说服我们走向中间，而是在提供工具，让我们能更清晰地看到“非中间”的双方是如何被构建起来的。这本书的结构设计很巧妙，像洋葱一样层层剥开问题的复杂性，让人不得不佩服作者的深厚功力。
评分这本书的学术深度与现实关怀达到了罕见的平衡。它避免了空泛的政治道德说教，而是聚焦于机制和制度的失效。特别是书中对“党派忠诚度”如何超越选民理性选择，成为一种近乎宗教信仰的现象的探讨，让人感到脊背发凉。作者通过扎实的数据和案例分析，揭示了选区划分（Gerrymandering）等技术性问题对政治文化产生的深远腐蚀作用，这些往往是主流媒体容易忽略的“幕后推手”。我读到关于代际差异如何影响极化程度的部分时，感触尤其深，这表明了我们目前所面对的分裂，很可能是一个需要数十年才能缓解的长期挑战，而非一个简单的选举周期就能解决的短期危机。对于希望从根本上理解民主韧性在面对内部压力时的表现的读者来说，这本书提供了一个既警示又富有洞察力的蓝图。它迫使我们不仅要关注谁赢了选举，更要关注民主过程本身是否正在被不可逆转地削弱。
评分这本书的行文风格非常古典，仿佛是在进行一场严肃的学术对话，但其切入点却是如此贴近我们每日的生活经验。它没有采用那种煽动性的语言来描绘分裂，而是运用了一种冷静、近乎冷峻的笔触来解构极化是如何一步步侵蚀民主的社会资本的。我尤其欣赏作者在处理历史脉络时的审慎态度。书中回顾了数次重大的社会运动和立法斗争，清晰地展示了当前的分裂并非一蹴而就，而是由数十年来一系列看似微小、实则累积的政策决定和文化转向共同塑造的结果。其中关于不同信息源如何训练出拥有不同“事实基础”的公民群体的分析，简直是振聋发聩。它让我意识到，当双方连“什么构成了证据”的标准都不再一致时，试图达成共识的基础就已然瓦解。这不仅仅是一本政治学著作，更是一部关于现代信息社会如何重塑人类认知和信任机制的深刻社会学观察。
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