The End of Laissez-Faire pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2026
- 经济学
- 凱恩斯主義
- 论文集
- 英國
- 英国学者
- 經濟學
- 现代
- 歐洲
- 经济自由
- 市场机制
- 政府干预
- 资本主义
- 自由意志
- 政策分析
- 制度变迁
- 市场经济
- 竞争
- 监管
具体描述
John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) was the most influential economist of the first half of the twentieth century. During both world wars he was an adviser to the British treasury, and his theory of government stimulation of the economy through deficit spending influenced Franklin D. Roosevelt's "New Deal" administration. The mass unemployment caused by the Great Depression inspired his most famous work, General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1935-36).
Keynes first gained widespread prominence immediately following World War I, when he attended the Versailles peace conference as an economic adviser to British Prime Minister David Lloyd George. Disgusted with the harshly punitive and unrealistic provisions of the Versailles Treaty, as well as the political chicanery and general incompetence of the chief participants, he published The Economic Consequences of the Peace in 1919. This book gained a good deal of notoriety because of its withering portraits of both French premier Georges Clemenceau and U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. Keynes described Clemenceau as motivated only by shortsighted nationalistic goals and vindictiveness, which aimed at crippling Germany for generations no matter what the consequences to the rest of Europe. He found fault with Wilson for his ivory tower idealism, lack of diplomatic savvy, and unfamiliarity with the political realities of Europe. This ineffectual combination ultimately dashed his best hopes for a League of Nations and a just resolution to the war in Europe. In a point-by-point analysis Keynes makes clear the ruinous consequences of the treaty to all of Europe and proposes substantial modifications. Unfortunately, few appreciated Keynes's prescience, and he saw his worst fears realized in the rise of Hitler and the devastation of World War II.
In The End of Laissez-Faire (1926) he presents a brief historical review of laissez-faire economic policy. Though he agrees in principle that a marketplace of free individuals pursuing their own self-interest without government interference has a better chance of improving society's economic situation than socialist alternatives, he suggests that government can play a constructive role in protecting individuals from the worst harms of capitalism's cycles, especially as concerns unemployment. Other useful government functions are the dissemination of information relating to business conditions, encouraging savings and investment along "nationally productive channels," and forming a national policy about the size of population.
Keynes's brilliant mind and lucid writing are evident on every page. Both of these works are still well worth reading for his many stimulating ideas and profound knowledge of economics.
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这本书的结构安排体现了一种近乎建筑学上的精巧。它不是简单地按照时间顺序展开，而是采取了一种螺旋上升的论证方式。每一章节都像是对前一章节观点的深化和拓宽，同时又为下一章节的深入探讨埋下伏笔。这种设计使得读者在阅读过程中总能感受到一种“豁然开朗”的体验，仿佛在迷宫中被引导至一个更高的瞭望台，得以俯瞰全局。尤其是在处理不同流派经济思想家的交锋时，作者没有采取简单的褒贬态度，而是将他们置于各自的时代情境中进行立体化呈现。我们能清晰地看到，那些被后世奉为圭臬的理论，在诞生之初是如何面临猛烈的质疑与挑战，这种对思想冲突的细致描摹，使得整本书充满了动态的张力，而非静态的知识陈列。这种处理方式极大地提升了阅读的趣味性，让人忍不住想要快点翻到下一页，看看这场思想风暴的下一步走向。
评分这本书的叙事节奏处理得极为高明，它并非那种平铺直叙、让人生厌的教科书式写作。相反，作者采用了多线并进的叙事策略，在宏观的历史转向和具体的个体命运之间进行精妙的切换。比如，当探讨到某项关键政策制定的历史背景时，他会立刻插入一段关于某个小镇银行家或某个工厂主的内心挣扎，这种人文关怀使得原本冰冷的历史分析顿时有了温度和厚度。我个人对其中关于社会心理变迁的描述尤为深刻，作者没有简单地归咎于外部冲击，而是深入剖析了精英阶层和普通民众在面对经济范式更迭时，那种由希望到幻灭，再到寻找新秩序的复杂心路历程。文字风格上，它时而如同莎士比亚戏剧般充满对命运无常的喟叹，时而又像一部冷峻的纪实报告，精准地切割着时代的症结。这种风格的交替使用，极大地保持了阅读的张力，即便是处理那些相对枯燥的理论辩论部分，也因为其内在的戏剧冲突而引人入胜。
评分对于一个并非专攻经济史的读者来说，我原本有些担心这本书的门槛会过高，充斥着晦涩难懂的术语。然而，令人惊喜的是，作者在解释核心概念时展现了惊人的清晰度和耐心。他似乎深知读者的困惑，总是能在关键的转折点提供一个极具启发性的类比，这些类比往往来源于日常生活或广为人知的文学典故，极大地降低了理解复杂经济理论的认知负荷。我记得有一段关于市场自我调节机制的论述，作者将其比喻成一个复杂的生态系统，某个环节的过度繁荣必然导致资源的枯竭和系统的失衡，这个比喻让我茅塞顿开，瞬间理解了为何某些看似健康的经济活动最终会走向自我毁灭。这本书的价值在于，它成功地搭建了一座桥梁，连接了严谨的学术研究和渴求深度理解的普通大众，让“高深”的理论变得可以触摸、可以感知，这才是真正具有公共影响力的思想作品所应具备的品质。
评分合上这本书的时候，我感觉到一种久违的、智力被充分激发后的疲惫感与满足感并存。它没有提供简单的答案，也没有给出立竿见影的解决方案，而这恰恰是它最深刻的贡献所在。作者最终似乎在引导我们思考一个更本质的问题：当一个时代赖以生存的信念体系开始瓦解时，社会将如何面对随之而来的权力真空和价值重塑？书中对“终结”的探讨，并非指向一个明确的日期或事件，而更像是一种对范式转换必然性的哲学反思。它挑战了我们对“进步”和“稳定”的线性理解，迫使我们正视历史的循环性和人类集体行动的内在局限性。这本书的语言风格在收尾处变得尤为沉静，带着一种洞察世事后的超然，留给读者的空间是巨大的——它不是给出地图，而是教会我们如何辨识风向和潮汐，以便在下一次转向来临时，我们能做出更审慎的航行选择。
评分这本书的封面设计着实引人注目，那种带着微微做旧质感的米白色纸张，配上烫金的、略显张扬的标题字体，一下子就把人拉回到一个特定的历史氛围中。我拿起它的时候，首先被吸引的是那种沉甸甸的手感，似乎暗示着里面承载的不仅仅是文字，更是一段厚重的历史进程。翻开扉页，作者的序言部分用一种近乎学术论文的严谨性开场，娓娓道来他研究这个宏大主题的初衷与方法论，读起来让人感到一种扑面而来的专业气息。它似乎在试图解构一个我们习以为常的经济概念是如何在特定的时代背景下孕育、兴盛，并最终走向其逻辑尽头的。我特别欣赏作者在描述早期工业革命时期那些微观的商业决策时所展现出的细腻观察力，那些关于资本流动和劳动力市场的生动案例，即便没有直接引用数据图表，也能让人清晰地勾勒出那个充满活力与矛盾的时代轮廓。阅读这本书的过程，与其说是在获取知识，不如说是在进行一场与历史对话的智力探险，它强迫你跳出固有的思维框架，重新审视那些被我们视为“自然规律”的经济现象背后的权力结构和人为选择。
评分= =妈蛋这绝对是我本学期读过的最难懂的书……没有之一
评分"The important thing for government is not to do things which individuals are doing already, and to do them a little better or a little worse; but to do those things which at present are not done at all."
评分"The important thing for government is not to do things which individuals are doing already, and to do them a little better or a little worse; but to do those things which at present are not done at all."
评分"The important thing for government is not to do things which individuals are doing already, and to do them a little better or a little worse; but to do those things which at present are not done at all."
评分"The important thing for government is not to do things which individuals are doing already, and to do them a little better or a little worse; but to do those things which at present are not done at all."
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