These proceedings of the fourth World Scientific Congress of Golf, held in St Andrews in July 2002, bring together the world's leading golf researchers, presenting 90 or so of the best research papers delivered at the Congress. It represents the latest volume in a series of scientific studies in golf. The book is organized into four thematic sections, looking at: the golfer; golf equipment; the golf course; and the social and economic impact of golf respectively. It addresses key topics such as: the psychology of golf; biometrics of the swing; new developments in clubs, balls and teaching aids; golf agronomy, irrigation and drainage; and the impact of golf on the community. Representing an up-to-date collection of research, this volume should be of value to sport scientists and researchers with an interest in golf, club professionals and those working in technical aspects of the golf industry. This is a collection of the best research papers from the World Scientific Congress of Golf, which brings together all the world's leading golf researchers.