Since the AIDS epidemic was recognized, information on safer sex has been assumed to be the most crucial means of preventing further spread of the disease. But how well has AIDS education worked? What kinds of education work best and for whom? This study provides an in-depth analysis of the results of AIDS education programs and explores the psychosocial factors that affect behavioural responses to education. B.R. Simon Rosser provides a detailed profile of a specific population at risk, including factors such as sexual behaviour, psychology, religious affiliation, legal status, and discrimination. Using comparative measures of behaviour, personality, social status, attitudes and risk-taking, he identifies important differences between men who engage in safer sex and those who do not. Finally, he evaluates the impact of different approaches to AIDS education. Examining both positive and negative effects, Rosser shows that the spread of the HIV virus was actually accelerated by a national education campaign utilizing fear, and contrasts this result with of four international gay-sensitive education campaigns that produced positive changes in behaviour and lifestyle. He discusses ways in which AIDS education must develop in order to become more effective, together with crucial changes that are needed in both the gay population and the larger community if HIV transmission is to be halted. This study is a resource for education and research in AIDS prevention, sexual behaviour, psychovenereology, education, health, and related disciplines.