圖書標籤: 科普 混沌 復雜 數學 哲學 complexity 思想·科學·社會 非綫性
发表于2024-11-26
Ubiquity pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024
Why do catastrophes happen? What sets off earthquakes, for example? What about mass extinctions of species? The outbreak of major wars? Massive traffic jams that seem to appear out of nowhere? Why does the stock market periodically suffer dramatic crashes? Why do some forest fires become superheated infernos that rage totally out of control?
Experts have never been able to explain the causes of any of these disasters. Now scientists have discovered that these seemingly unrelated cataclysms, both natural and human, almost certainly all happen for one fundamental reason. More than that, there is not and never will be any way to predict them.
Critically acclaimed science journalist Mark Buchanan tells the fascinating story of the discovery that there is a natural structure of instability woven into the fabric of our world. From humble beginnings studying the physics of sandpiles, scientists have learned that an astonishing range of things–Earth’s crust, cars on a highway, the market for stocks, and the tightly woven networks of human society–have a natural tendency to organize themselves into what’s called the “critical state,” in which they are poised on what Buchanan describes as the “knife-edge of instability.” The more places scientists have looked for the critical state, the more places they’ve found it, and some believe that the pervasiveness of instability must now be seen as a fundamental feature of our world.
Ubiquity is packed with stories of real-life catastrophes, such as the huge earthquake that in 1995 hit Kobe, Japan, killing 5,000 people; the forest fires that ravaged Yellowstone National Park in 1988; the stock market crash of 1987; the mass extinction that killed off the dinosaurs; and the outbreak of World War I. Combining literary flair with scientific rigor, Buchanan introduces the researchers who have pieced together the evidence of the critical state, explaining their ingenious work and unexpected insights in beautifully lucid prose.
At the dawn of this new century, Buchanan reveals, we are witnessing the emergence of an extraordinarily powerful new field of science that will help us comprehend the bewildering and unruly rhythms that dominate our lives and may even lead to a true science of the dynamics of human culture and history.
From the Hardcover edition.
MARK BUCHANAN is a science writer who has worked on the editorial staff of Nature and as a features editor for New Scientist. He earned a Ph.D. in theoretical physics from the University of Virginia. He is also the author of Nexus, The Social Atom and Forecast.
another book on complexity, with many examples.
評分2002年齣版的書,當中大部分觀念現在看來已經有些陳舊。作者的第一本書,文字囉嗦淺白,簡單道理翻來覆去地講,太過冗餘。開頭的伏筆埋的好,而後麵的物理學知識卻過於淺顯,大多數時候隻是復述模型本身,卻沒有更為深入的物理分析,也是失望的。
評分another book on complexity, with many examples.
評分看世界看曆史看市場有一個新角度
評分2002年齣版的書,當中大部分觀念現在看來已經有些陳舊。作者的第一本書,文字囉嗦淺白,簡單道理翻來覆去地講,太過冗餘。開頭的伏筆埋的好,而後麵的物理學知識卻過於淺顯,大多數時候隻是復述模型本身,卻沒有更為深入的物理分析,也是失望的。
一切是那么的不可预测,重大事件的发生并不一定有什么特殊的原因,就发生的原因这一条来看,同平凡的小事处于同等地位 但是,历史事件之间又有某种深层次的普遍共性,那就是能量法则 我们处在一个规则与混沌的区间合集里,区分他们的就是临界,作者这本书的贡献 但是,我们怎么...
評分一切是那么的不可预测,重大事件的发生并不一定有什么特殊的原因,就发生的原因这一条来看,同平凡的小事处于同等地位 但是,历史事件之间又有某种深层次的普遍共性,那就是能量法则 我们处在一个规则与混沌的区间合集里,区分他们的就是临界,作者这本书的贡献 但是,我们怎么...
評分 評分 評分这是一本有关混沌,不确定性,分形,复杂系统的书,先不管内容如何,翻译的是有够差,明显就是一外行翻译的。 “分形”被翻译成“不规则碎片” “正态分布”被翻译成“正常分布”,你别看到一个“normal”就正常啊。 “中心极限定理”被翻译成“中央限定定理“,你倒紧跟中央脚...
Ubiquity pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024