Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia, and Turkey pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 在線閱讀 2026
- 民族問題
- 比較政治
- 民族建構
- 政治學
- 德國
- 土耳其
- 俄羅斯
- PV
- Ethnicity
- Nationhood
- Germany
- Russia
- Turkey
- Identity
- History
- Politics
- Cultural Studies
- Society
具體描述
This is a book about what it meant to be German, Soviet, Russian, and Turkish in the twentieth century, and how that definition radically changed at the turn of the twenty-first century. Germany's ethnic citizenship law, the Soviet Union's inscription of ethnic origins in personal identification documents, and Turkey's prohibition on the public use of minority languages, all put in place in the early twentieth century, underpinned the definition of nationhood in these countries. Despite many challenges from political and societal actors, these policies did not change for many decades, until around the turn of the twenty-first century, when Russia removed ethnicity from the internal passport, Germany changed its citizenship law, and Turkish public television began to broadcast in minority languages. How did such tremendous changes occur? Using a new typology of “regimes of ethnicity” and a close study of primary documents and numerous interviews, Sener Akturk argues that the coincidence of three key factors – counterelites, new discourses, and hegemonic majorities – explains successful change in state policies toward ethnicity.
Discusses the removal of ethnicity from Russian identification cards and the role of Jews, Germans, Tatars, Bashkirs and other ethnic groups in this change
Systematically documents Kurdish and Alevi voting behavior in Turkey from the 1950s to the present day
Incorporates interviews with both immigrant-origin and ethnic German members of the German parliaments from all the major political parties and their attitudes toward ethnic diversity and change of the citizenship law in Germany
作者簡介
Şener Aktürk, Koç University, Istanbul
Sener Akturk is an Assistant Professor at Koç University in Istanbul. He holds degrees from the University of Chicago (BA, MA) and the University of California, Berkeley (MA, PhD). He has spent extended periods in Vienna, Berlin and Moscow for language study and doctoral research. Prior to his current appointment, he was a postdoctoral Fellow at the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies and a visiting lecturer in the Department of Government at Harvard University. He is a recipient of a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant from the European Commission. He has published more than thirty articles in international and national refereed academic journals including World Politics, Post-Soviet Affairs, the European Journal of Sociology, Middle Eastern Studies, Nationalities Papers, Ab Imperio, Turkish Studies, Insight Turkey and Theoria. He has authored chapters in various edited books published in Turkey, Russia, Hungary and the United States.
目錄資訊
1. Regimes of ethnicity: comparative analysis of Germany, Soviet Union, post-Soviet Russia, and Turkey
Part II. Germany:
2. The challenges to the monoethnic regime in Germany, 1955–1982
3. The construction of an assimilationist discourse and political hegemony: transition from a monoethnic to an antiethnic regime in Germany, 1982–2000
Part III. Turkey:
4. Challenges to the ethnicity regime in Turkey: Alevi and Kurdish demands for recognition, 1923–1980
5. From social democracy to Islamic multiculturalism: failed and successful attempts to reform the ethnicity regime in Turkey, 1980–2009
Part IV. Soviet Union and the Russian Federation:
6. The nation that wasn't there?: Sovetskii narod discourse, nation-building, and passport ethnicity, 1953–1983
7. Ethnic diversity and state-building in post-Soviet Russia: removal of ethnicity from the internal passport and its aftermath, 1992–2008
Part V. Conclusion:
8. Dynamics of persistence and change in ethnicity regimes.
· · · · · · (收起)
讀後感
用戶評價
這本書的標題“Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia, and Turkey”本身就充滿瞭研究的張力，它預示著一場跨越國界的、深入曆史脈絡的學術對話。我之所以選擇閱讀這本書，是因為我對“政體”（Regimes）這個詞在分析民族與國族關係時的運用感到格外好奇。它不僅僅是簡單地描述民族主義的意識形態，更重要的是揭示瞭國傢機器如何通過具體的製度、法律、政策甚至是文化實踐來構建、維持和調整民族認同。作者是否會深入探討這些“政體”在不同曆史時期是如何演變的？例如，德國在俾斯麥時代統一後，如何通過“民族國傢”的建構來鞏固其地位？又如，蘇聯時期，國傢如何通過對民族的劃分和管理來維持其統治，以及這種劃分對日後民族關係的深遠影響？以及土耳其在凱末爾革命後，如何通過一套激進的世俗化和民族化政策來重塑國傢認同？我期待書中能夠詳細分析這些“政體”的構成要素：可能是法律條文對公民身份的定義，可能是教育體係中對曆史和民族敘事的塑造，也可能是媒體宣傳中對國傢形象的塑造。尤其是我對書中關於俄羅斯的部分充滿期待，這個龐大而多民族的國傢，其民族政策在曆史的長河中經曆瞭多次劇烈的調整，從沙皇時期的泛斯拉夫主義，到蘇聯時期的民族區域劃分，再到後蘇聯時期對“俄羅斯性”的重新定義，這些背後必然有著復雜的“政體”邏輯。作者是否會剖析這些“政體”如何影響瞭俄羅斯與其他前蘇聯加盟共和國的民族關係，以及如何在當前地緣政治格局中塑造其國傢認同？
评分The book’s title, "Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia, and Turkey," immediately suggests a deeply analytical and comparative exploration of how national and ethnic identities are formed and maintained within state structures. The use of the term "Regimes" is particularly intriguing, implying a focus on the institutional frameworks, legal structures, and policy mechanisms that actively shape these identities, rather than simply describing nationalistic sentiments. I am drawn to this approach because it promises to uncover the underlying power dynamics and strategic decisions that underpin the construction of nationhood. For Germany, the post-World War II era offers a crucial case study in national identity reconstruction. I am keen to understand how Germany has developed "regimes" of nationhood that grapple with its complex history, promoting a sense of shared citizenship and democratic values. This might involve an examination of its constitutional framework, its approach to immigration and integration, and its educational system's role in fostering a responsible national memory. The book could illuminate how Germany has managed to build a stable and inclusive national identity while acknowledging its past. Russia, with its vast territory and diverse ethnic mosaic, presents a unique set of challenges for national cohesion. I anticipate the author will explore the historical evolution of Russian "regimes" of ethnicity and nationhood, from the imperial era to the Soviet period and its aftermath. Understanding how the state has managed ethnic diversity, utilized language policies, and constructed a shared historical narrative to foster national unity will be a key focus. The Russian approach to nationhood, often characterized by a complex interplay of ethnic and civic nationalism, is a topic of significant interest. The Turkish experience, transitioning from a multi-ethnic empire to a modern nation-state, is equally compelling. I expect the book to analyze the "regimes" that have shaped Turkish identity, possibly focusing on the impact of secularization, the standardization of language, and the state's strategies for managing ethnic diversity, particularly in relation to the Kurdish population. The interplay between state-led nation-building efforts and the aspirations of various ethnic groups is a crucial element of the Turkish narrative. This comparative study promises a nuanced understanding of how different states, facing distinct historical and social contexts, have employed various "regimes" to define and manage ethnicity and nationhood, offering valuable insights into the complexities of identity formation in the modern world.
评分我被這本書所探討的核心問題深深吸引——“民族”與“國族”在德國、俄羅斯和土耳其這三個具有截然不同曆史路徑的國傢中，是如何通過特定的“政體”被建構、管理和維係的。這種研究的切入點非常獨特，它不僅僅是梳理曆史事件，更是試圖理解國傢機器在塑造民族認同方麵所扮演的積極角色。作者是否會深入分析這些國傢如何通過語言政策來統一或分化其境內的族裔群體？例如，德語在德國的統一作用，俄語在俄羅斯的通用地位，以及土耳其語在土耳其作為國傢語言的推廣，這些背後是否有更深層的民族構建邏輯？我尤其對俄羅斯的部分感到期待。作為一個由眾多民族組成的聯邦，俄羅斯在不同的曆史時期，例如沙皇俄國時期對少數民族的同化政策，蘇聯時期對民族的劃分與自治，以及後蘇聯時期對“大俄羅斯”認同的強調，這些演變背後無疑有著復雜的“政體”運作。作者是否會深入挖掘這些政策的細節，以及它們對俄羅斯境內的族裔關係和地區穩定産生瞭怎樣的影響？同時，德國在經曆瞭兩次世界大戰的慘痛教訓後，其民族國傢的構建經曆瞭怎樣的轉型？作者是否會探討德國如何通過其憲法體係、教育體係以及公民身份的定義來構建一種新的、具有包容性的國傢認同，同時又如何處理其曆史遺産？至於土耳其，作者是否會分析其在奧斯曼帝國解體後的民族國傢構建過程中，如何處理其作為多民族帝國繼承者的身份，以及如何應對其國內的族裔多樣性，特彆是庫爾德問題？這本書無疑提供瞭一個極好的機會，讓我能夠在一個比較的視角下，理解這三個國傢在民族主義的潮流中，是如何通過一套體係化的“政體”來管理和動員其國民，從而構建並維護其國傢認同的。
评分The title of this book, "Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia, and Turkey," immediately signals a sophisticated and comparative approach to understanding how states shape and are shaped by national and ethnic identities. My interest lies in the author's use of the term "Regimes," which suggests a focus on the systematic, institutional, and often power-laden mechanisms through which ethnic and national belonging are constructed and managed. I am particularly drawn to the comparative aspect of the study. Examining Germany, Russia, and Turkey together offers a unique lens through which to analyze the diverse strategies states employ in navigating ethnic diversity and forging national cohesion. For Germany, the post-war period is a critical juncture. I anticipate the book will explore how Germany has established "regimes" of nationhood that actively confront its historical legacy, emphasizing democratic values, human rights, and a commitment to European integration. This might involve an examination of its constitutional framework, its approach to citizenship, and its robust public discourse on history and national identity, all of which have contributed to a unique post-nationalist German identity. The Russian context presents a formidable challenge due to its vast territorial expanse and immense ethnic heterogeneity. I am eager to understand the "regimes" that have governed ethnicity and nationhood in Russia throughout its history, from the Tsarist empire's assimilationist policies to the Soviet Union's complex system of national republics and the post-Soviet era's attempts to reassert a unified Russian identity. The book likely delves into how language, administrative divisions, and the promotion of a shared historical narrative have been utilized as tools to manage ethnic relations and foster a sense of national belonging. Turkey's trajectory from a multi-ethnic empire to a modern nation-state is equally fascinating. I expect the author to analyze the "regimes" that shaped Turkish nationhood, perhaps focusing on the impact of secularization, the establishment of a standardized national language, and the state's approach to managing ethnic minorities, most notably the Kurdish population. The intricate interplay between state policies, ethnic aspirations, and national identity construction in these three distinct contexts promises a deeply insightful and illuminating read.
评分我被這本書的深度和廣度所吸引，特彆是它關注的“政體”（Regimes）這一概念，它暗示瞭一種對民族與國族構建過程中，國傢機器的係統性操作的深入分析。選擇德國、俄羅斯和土耳其這三個國傢進行比較，本身就極具價值，因為它們都擁有漫長而復雜的帝國曆史，並在現代民族國傢的構建過程中麵臨著獨特的挑戰。我非常好奇作者如何闡釋德國在戰後如何從納粹的民族主義陰影中走齣，並建立起一套以民主、人權和歐洲一體化為核心的新的國傢認同體係。書中是否會詳細分析德國的憲法框架、公民教育以及對曆史的紀念方式，如何共同作用於構建一種新的“德國性”？這些“政體”的力量，是如何有效地防止瞭民族主義的極端化，同時又如何確保瞭國傢在歐洲的地位？對於俄羅斯，我一直對其復雜的民族構成和曆史上的帝國情結充滿興趣。作者是否會深入探討俄羅斯在沙皇時期、蘇聯時期以及後蘇聯時期，其“政體”是如何應對和管理其境內的眾多民族的？它如何通過語言政策、經濟發展以及政治權力分配來維係國傢的統一，同時又如何在不斷變化的國際格局中，重新定義其民族與國傢的關係？特彆是俄羅斯近年來強調的“主權民主”和“俄羅斯世界”的理念，這背後隱藏著怎樣的“政體”邏輯？而土耳其，作為一個在東西方文明交匯處，經曆瞭深刻社會變革的國傢，其“政體”在塑造民族與國族認同方麵又有著怎樣的特點？作者是否會分析土耳其如何通過其世俗化改革、語言政策以及處理國內族裔關係（如庫爾德問題）的方式，來構建其現代民族國傢？這本書無疑提供瞭一個絕佳的平颱，讓我能夠在一個比較的視角下，深入理解這三個國傢是如何通過一套相對獨立的、但又相互關聯的“政體”來管理民族關係、塑造國傢認同，並最終影響其國內政治和國際地位的。
评分這本書的標題，尤其是“Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood”的組閤，立刻抓住瞭我的眼球，它承諾瞭一種對民族與國族形成機製的係統性、製度性探究。我之所以被吸引，是因為它不僅僅停留在描述民族主義的思潮，而是要深入挖掘國傢如何在具體的“政體”框架下，積極地塑造和維護民族認同。我特彆期待作者如何處理德國在經曆法西斯主義後的民族反思與重建。德國的“二戰”曆史無疑是其民族認同塑造中的一個巨大挑戰，作者是否會分析德國如何通過其憲法、司法體係以及教育製度，來構建一個既尊重曆史又麵嚮未來的民族敘事？它如何區分“民族”與“國傢”的概念，並建立一種以公民身份為基礎的、包容性的國傢認同？對於俄羅斯，我對其廣袤的疆域和復雜的民族構成下的“政體”運作充滿好奇。俄羅斯在曆史上是如何通過徵服和統治來整閤不同民族的？蘇聯時期的民族政策，例如對各加盟共和國的自治劃分，以及其解體後俄羅斯如何重新確立其國傢認同，這些過程中必然充滿瞭“政體”的調整與博弈。作者是否會探討俄羅斯如何在其政治經濟體製中，平衡不同民族的利益，以及如何處理其在後蘇聯空間中的民族主義敘事？而土耳其，作為一個從奧斯曼帝國轉型而來的現代國傢，其“政體”在追求民族統一和國傢現代化過程中，經曆瞭怎樣的演變？作者是否會分析土耳其在處理其國內族裔多樣性，例如庫爾德問題時，是如何通過法律、政策以及國傢認同的建構來應對的？這本書提供瞭一個絕佳的機會，讓我能夠在一個比較的視角下，理解這三個國傢在民族與國族構建的漫長過程中，是如何通過一套相互關聯的“政體”來影響其曆史進程和國傢命運的。
评分這本書的標題，“Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia, and Turkey”， immediately evokes a sense of scholarly rigor and comparative analysis that I find deeply compelling. The choice of these three nations, each with its own distinct historical trajectory and complex relationship with ethnic and national identity, promises a rich tapestry of insights. I am particularly intrigued by the concept of "Regimes" as applied to ethnicity and nationhood. This suggests a focus not merely on the ideological manifestations of nationalism, but on the underlying structures, institutions, and policy frameworks that actively construct, manage, and often contest ethnic and national identities. I am eager to see how the author unpacks the German experience, especially in the post-war era. How did Germany, after the devastating legacy of Nazism, construct a new national identity that grappled with its past while embracing democratic values and European integration? The book’s exploration of German "regimes" of nationhood might delve into its constitutional framework, its approach to citizenship, and its educational curricula, all of which play crucial roles in shaping collective memory and identity. Similarly, the Russian case is of immense interest. Given Russia's vastness and its mosaic of ethnic groups, understanding the "regimes" that have governed ethnicity and nationhood there is crucial. I anticipate the author will examine the policies enacted during the Tsarist era, the Soviet period with its complex system of national republics, and the post-Soviet era's efforts to forge a new Russian identity. The book might shed light on how language policies, territorial administration, and the promotion of a shared historical narrative have been employed as instruments of statecraft in managing ethnic diversity and fostering national unity. The Turkish narrative, too, is compelling. The transition from the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire to a modern nation-state undoubtedly involved the establishment of new "regimes" of ethnicity and nationhood. I am keen to learn how Turkey's secularization efforts, its approach to citizenship, and its management of ethnic minorities, particularly the Kurdish question, have shaped its national identity and its relationship with its diverse populace. This comparative study offers a unique opportunity to understand the varied ways in which states actively engage in the construction and maintenance of national belonging, providing a nuanced and insightful exploration of these critical phenomena.
评分這本書的封麵設計就足夠吸引人，沉穩的色調，配以充滿曆史厚重感的字體，讓人一眼便知這是一部嚴肅而深入的學術著作。我對於“政體”（Regimes）這個詞在描述民族與國族關係時的運用感到尤為好奇。它暗示瞭一種結構化的、甚至是帶有權力和製度色彩的視角，而非僅僅是文化或身份認同的泛泛而談。想象一下，作者如何剖析在德國、俄羅斯和土耳其這三個具有復雜曆史和地緣政治背景的國傢中，民族主義是如何被構建、被塑造、被維護，甚至是如何在不同時期被重塑的。這其中必然涉及到國傢如何通過法律、教育、宣傳機器來定義“我們”與“他們”，如何處理內部的族裔多樣性，以及如何在國際舞颱上定位自身。特彆是我對俄羅斯的部分非常期待，這個橫跨歐亞大陸的國傢，其民族構成之復雜，曆史上的沙皇俄國、蘇聯以及現在的俄羅斯聯邦，在民族政策和國族認同的塑造上必然充滿瞭劇烈的轉變和深刻的矛盾。作者是否會探討蘇聯解體後，俄羅斯如何重新整閤其境內的族裔群體，又如何在其新的國傢敘事中處理與周邊前蘇聯加盟共和國的民族關係？這其中的挑戰與機遇，以及可能伴隨的衝突與閤作，都讓我充滿瞭探究的欲望。同時，德國在經曆兩次世界大戰和分裂統一後，其民族認同的演變更是史書中的一筆濃墨重彩。作者將如何闡釋德國在戰後如何處理其曆史包袱，如何在歐洲一體化的框架下重新定義“德意誌民族”的內涵，以及如何平衡其內部的區域差異和移民問題，這些都是我迫切想要瞭解的。至於土耳其，一個在東西方文明交匯處，同時經曆現代化轉型和政治變革的國傢，其民族主義的邏輯又是如何運作的？它如何處理庫爾德問題，如何在高漲的民族情緒下維係國傢的統一與穩定？這本書無疑提供瞭一個絕佳的平颱，讓我能夠在一個宏觀的比較框架下，深入理解這三個國傢在民族與國族構建上的異同，以及這些“政體”如何深刻地影響瞭它們各自的國內政治和國際地位。
评分我被這本書關於“民族”與“國族”在德國、俄羅斯和土耳其三國中，如何被特定“政體”所塑造和管理的獨特視角深深吸引。這不僅僅是一本曆史的陳述，更是一次對國傢權力如何介入並構建社會認同的深度剖析。作者在選擇這三個國傢時，無疑是經過深思熟慮的，它們都經曆瞭從帝國嚮民族國傢的轉型，又各自麵臨著獨特的曆史挑戰和國內民族構成。我尤其想瞭解的是，作者如何界定和分析這些“政體”的運作方式？例如，德國在戰後如何通過其民主製度和歐洲一體化的參與，來重塑其民族認同，並處理其納粹曆史的遺産？書中是否會詳細分析德國的公民法、教育體係以及對民族曆史的官方敘事，是如何共同構築瞭一個新的“德意誌民族”概念？對於俄羅斯，這個橫跨歐亞大陸、擁有眾多民族的國傢，其“政體”又是如何應對如此復雜的民族構成？作者是否會探討蘇聯時期對民族的劃分和管理，以及其解體後俄羅斯聯邦如何在其新的政治框架下，重新協商和定義其國族認同？特彆是關於俄羅斯的“大俄羅斯”情結，以及它在處理與周邊國傢民族關係時所采取的策略，這些都充滿瞭研究的價值。而土耳其，作為一個在奧斯曼帝國基礎上建立的現代民族國傢，其“政體”是如何在世俗化、伊斯蘭化以及民族主義之間進行平衡的？作者是否會深入分析土耳其在處理其國內的庫爾德問題，以及如何在不斷變化的國內外環境下，維護其國傢統一和民族認同？這本書無疑提供瞭一個寶貴的平颱，讓我能夠在一個橫嚮比較的框架下，理解這三個國傢在民族與國族構建的宏大敘事中，是如何通過一套係統性的“政體”來實現其國傢目標，並應對曆史的挑戰。
评分讀完這本書的導言，我被作者嚴謹的學術態度和清晰的論述思路深深吸引。他對“政體”這一概念的界定，超越瞭傳統的政治學範疇，將其延伸至民族身份的建構與維護機製，這是一種極具創新性的視角。他沒有迴避復雜性，而是直麵德、俄、土三國在民族與國族認同塑造過程中所經曆的矛盾、衝突與演變。我尤其對作者如何處理曆史的連續性與斷裂性感到好奇。例如，德國在納粹時期的極端民族主義思潮，與戰後民主化進程中的國傢認同，兩者之間存在著怎樣的聯係與切割？作者是否會深入分析德國如何通過“紀念文化”和“曆史反思”來重塑其民族敘事，從而避免重蹈覆轍？而俄羅斯，這個在曆史上長期扮演帝國角色的國傢，其民族政策的演變是否與地理擴張和統治策略緊密相連？作者是否會探討蘇聯時期對各民族的“符號化”處理，以及這種處理方式對後蘇聯時代民族關係的遺留影響？俄羅斯當前強調的“多元文化共存”與“俄羅斯世界”敘事之間是否存在張力？對於土耳其，作者是否會審視其世俗化改革進程對民族認同的影響，以及伊斯蘭復興思潮如何重塑土耳其的國族認同？該書對“政體”的關注，讓我聯想到這些國傢如何通過製定特定的法律、推廣特定的文化符號、甚至利用教育體係來培養公民的民族情感和國傢忠誠。這些“政體”的力量，往往是潛移默化的，卻又無比強大，塑造著個體的身份認同，也決定著國傢未來的走嚮。我期待這本書能夠揭示這些“政體”背後的運作邏輯，以及它們在不同曆史時期和政治環境下所展現齣的適應性與局限性。
评分初步感覺，解釋變量離結果有點太近瞭吧~
评分初步感覺，解釋變量離結果有點太近瞭吧~
评分excellent
评分excellent
评分excellent
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