具体描述
内容提要
本书以《大学英语教学大纲（高等学校文理科本科用）》所附词表为依据，共
收集英语常用短语和习语800余条，每个词条均附有英汉对照例句，给学习者
提供方便。所有词条均按英语字母顺序排列。
本书可作为大学生英语学习的参考书籍，也可作为教师的教学参考用书。
对参加英语四、六级考试及其它考试的人员，本书也是一本很好的应试书籍。
《世界名著导读与赏析》 一、本书缘起与定位 在浩如烟海的文学作品中，世界名著无疑是人类智慧与情感的结晶，它们跨越时空，深刻地影响了人类的思维方式和社会文化。然而，面对经典巨著的鸿篇巨制，许多读者常感无从下手，或因时代背景的隔阂、语言风格的晦涩而望而却步。《世界名著导读与赏析》正是在此背景下应运而生。 本书并非对某一种语言或特定领域（如英语短语或习语）的工具性讲解，而是致力于构建一座沟通读者与世界文学经典的桥梁。我们的核心目标是提供一套全面、深入且富有启发性的导读体系，帮助当代读者跨越阅读障碍，真正领略文学巨匠的思想深度与艺术魅力。本书的定位是综合性、学术性与普及性相结合的文学鉴赏指南，面向所有对世界文学抱有浓厚兴趣的普通读者、文学专业的学生以及希望提升人文素养的社会人士。 二、内容结构与核心模块 本书的结构设计遵循“宏观把握—经典剖析—主题提炼—文化融入”的逻辑线索，共分为六大部分，力求覆盖世界文学史上的重要阶段与流派。 第一部分：文学史脉络的梳理（The Grand Tapestry of Literature） 本部分旨在为读者构建一个清晰的世界文学发展时间轴。我们不会陷入繁琐的年代罗列，而是侧重于梳理关键的文学思潮的演变脉络，如古希腊悲喜剧的起源与精神内核、中世纪的宗教叙事传统、文艺复兴的人文主义觉醒、启蒙运动对理性的推崇、浪漫主义的激情与反叛、现实主义对社会肌理的深刻描摹、现代主义对主体意识的解构，直至后现代主义的多元转向。 重点解析： 每一个阶段的核心哲学思辨是如何体现在文学作品中的，以及不同文化背景（如欧洲、亚洲、拉丁美洲）的文学是如何相互影响、各自独立发展的。 区别于一般导读： 我们强调的不是作品的“时间点”，而是思想的“转折点”。 第二部分：西方经典名著深度解析（Western Canon Unveiled） 此部分是全书的核心，选取了西方文学史上最具代表性的二十部巨著进行深入剖析。这些作品不仅在文学史上地位显赫，其主题思想至今仍具有强大的生命力。 作品选取标准： 兼顾文学体裁（史诗、小说、戏剧）、地域分布（英、法、德、俄、美）以及主题广度（人性、政治、道德、存在主义）。 解析维度： 针对每一部作品，我们提供以下四个层面的解读： 1. 时代背景与创作动机： 作品诞生的社会土壤和作家的个人困境。 2. 叙事结构与艺术手法： 探讨其独特的叙事视角、象征主义运用、心理描写技巧等。 3. 核心主题的哲学辨析： 例如，《战争与和平》中的历史必然性与个体能动性，《尤利西斯》中意识流手法的颠覆性。 4. 跨文化影响与接受史： 该作品如何在不同时代和不同国家被解读和重塑。 第三部分：东方文学的独特光辉（Luminaries of the East） 认识世界文学，绝不能忽略东方的深厚积淀。本部分将目光投向亚洲，特别是东亚和南亚的文学高峰。 重点关注： 中国古典文学的意境美学（如唐诗宋词的结构与韵味，四大名著的社会百科全书性质）、日本物哀与幽玄之美（如川端康成、谷崎润一郎的作品）、印度史诗的宗教哲学意涵。 方法论： 强调东方文学的非线性叙事、人与自然的和谐观以及含蓄内敛的表达方式，帮助读者理解其与西方文学的根本差异和共通之处。 第四部分：文学的“永恒母题”探索（Thematic Exploration） 文学的伟大在于它能够不断叩问人类的共同困境。本部分将从主题视角出发，串联起不同作品中的共同议题。 母题精选： “他者”的凝视： 探讨种族、阶级、性别身份的构建与冲突（涉及的作品如《局外人》、《看不见的人》）。 权力与腐蚀： 从莎士比亚的悲剧到乔治·奥威尔的预言。 记忆、失忆与创伤： 现代人面对历史的心理负担。 爱情与禁忌： 跨越社会藩篱的个体情感表达。 目标： 训练读者进行跨作品、跨文化的比较文学思维。 第五部分：翻译的艺术与局限（The Translator's Dilemma） 阅读外国名著，绕不开翻译问题。本部分专门探讨文学翻译的复杂性。 内容阐述： 分析文学翻译中“信、达、雅”的平衡难题。例如，俄语文学中特有的复合词如何影响译本的节奏感；诗歌的格律如何在不同语言间进行“移植”而非“复制”。 案例分析： 对同一部作品的多个著名译本进行对照研究，引导读者思考：“我们读到的，究竟是原作，还是译者的再创作？” 这有助于读者更加审慎地对待任何一种二手文本。 第六部分：拓展阅读与研究路径（Further Exploration Roadmap） 为满足进阶读者的需求，本书最后提供了一份系统的延伸阅读指南。 路径规划： 根据读者的兴趣（如“专注于魔幻现实主义”、“探究女性主义文学思潮”），提供后续可深入阅读的作家名单、研究专著推荐，以及相关的电影、戏剧改编版本对比。 三、本书的独特价值 《世界名著导读与赏析》的价值在于深度而非广度（在经典范围内），思辨而非结论。 1. 超越故事梗概： 本书完全不侧重于情节的复述，而是着眼于作者“如何讲故事”以及“为什么要这样讲”的深层意图。 2. 人文素养的提升： 通过对名著背后哲学、历史、社会背景的揭示，帮助读者理解人类文明的演进逻辑，从而提升自身的批判性思维能力。 3. 语言的厚度： 虽然本书不教授具体的语言点，但通过对优秀译文的鉴赏和对原著风格的描述，读者能感受到文学语言本身所蕴含的巨大张力和美感，这是任何技术性语言手册无法提供的精神滋养。 本书旨在让读者在合上书页时，不仅记住了几部大作的名字，更能带着一套系统的审美框架和深刻的文化洞察力，重新审视我们身处的时代与自身的存在。它是一份邀请函，邀请您进入人类智慧构建的最宏伟的精神殿堂。
作者简介
目录信息
CONTENTS
A
above all
according to
after all
aheadof
a good deal/a great deal
a good many/a great many
a little
all at once
all day
all in all
all/just the same
all of a sudden
all out
all over
allow for
all right
a lot/lots of
and so forth
and so on
a number of
around/round the clock
as a matter of fact
as a result
as/so far as
ask after
askfor
as soon as
as to
as usual
as well
as well as
as yet
at all
at all costs
at all events
at a loss
at any rate
at a time
at first
at hand
at heart
at home
at last
at least
at most/at the most
at once
at present
at stake
at this/that rate
at (the) worst
at times
B
back and forth
back down/off
back of
back out
back up
baseon
be/become accustomed to
be about to
be a steal
beat around the bush
be better off
beboundto
be carried away
become of
be cut out for/be cut out to be
be fed up
before long
be friends with
begin with
be had
be in charge of
be into
believe in
believe of
be looking up
be named after
be out of the question
be over
be rained out
be set to (do something)
be sick of
be up
be up for grabs
be up to (someone)
be up to (something)
be used to
be well of
be with (someone)
big deal
btow down/blow off/blow away
blow one's top
blowout
blow up
both-and
bow out
break away/break through/
break down
break down
break in
break into
break loose
break off
break out
bring about
bring back/take back
bringout
bring to
C
call/call up (someone)
call for
call it a day
calloff
carry out
catch at
catch cold
cateh fire
cateh on
catch one's breath
catch one's eye
catch sight of
cateh up
cave in
change (one's ) mind
check in/out
check up/check on/check up on
cheer up
clean out/clean off
clear up
clue (one) in
come about
come across
come around/round
come from
come off
come on
come out
come through
come to
come to an end
come to the point
come true
come up against
compare to/with
cop out
count on
count up
cover a lot of ground
cover for
cover up
crack a book
cross out
cut across
cutback
cutdown
cut in
cutoff
cut off/tear off/break off/
bite off/chew off
cut out
cut short
cut up/break up/chop up/
chew up
D
day in and day out/day after
day
die down
die out
dish out
do a snow job
do away with
do one's best
do over
double up
do without/go without
draw in
draw up
dream up
drive up to
drop in/drop in on
drop off
drop out
drop (someone) a line
dryout
dry run
dry up
due to
E
each other/one another
ease (someone) out
eat in
eatout
eatup
enjoy oneself
even if/though
every so often/every now and
then
except for
F
face to face
face up to
fair play
fall back on/ipon
fall behind
fall in love
fall off
fall out
fall through
far from
feel like
feel sorry for
fifty-fifty
figure out
fill in
fill (one) in
fill out
find fault with
findout
fix (someone or something) up
flare up
fool around
for example/instance
for good
for one thing, �?for another
for short
for sure
for the better
for the sake of
for the time being
fringe benefit
from time to time
front for
G
get across
get along
get along with
get a rise out of (someone)
get around/round
get at
get away
get away with
get back
get better-/get worse
get by
get down to
get even with
get held of
get in
get into the swing of things
get in touch with
get lost
getoff
geton
get on (one's) nerves
get out from under
get out of
get (step) out of line
get over
get rid of
get sick
get stuck
get the best of
get the better of
get through
get through to (another person)
get to (a place)
get together
getup
get used to
give away
give back
give birth to
give in
give off
give (one) a big hand
give (one) a break
give oneself away
giveout
give rise to
give (someone) a call
H
had better
hand down
hand in
hand in hand
hand on
hand out
hand over
hang about/around
hang back
hang on
hang on to
hang up
hard of hearing
have a good time
have a voice in
have got
have got to (do something)
have it in for
have it out with
haveon
have (one's) heart set on
have (one's) way/get (one' s)
own way
have ( something ) going for
(one)
have ( time) off/take (time)
O
off
have to/have got to
have to do with
have two strikes against (one)
have what it takes
head on
hear from
hear of
heart and soul
help oneself to
here and there
hold back
holdoff
hold on
hold on to/hold to
hold out
hold over
hold still
hold up
how about/what about"?
hurry up
I
ifonly 110 in order that
in addition to no in order to
inadvance110 m other words
inahurry
in particular
in all
in person
in any case
in place
in a sense
in place of
in a way
in practice
in a/one word
in return
in case
in secret
incaseof
in shape
in charge of
in short
in common
inside out
indanger
in sight of
in debt
in spite of
in difficulties
instead of
ineffect
in step
infact
in stock
infavorof
in tears
infrontof
in the air
ingeneral
in the end
inhonorof
in turn
inline
in the first/second place
inlinewith
in no time
in the long run
inone'sway
in the world
inorder
in the (one's) way
W
whatabout
what if
whatwith
whether...or
while away
who'swho
wipe out
work out
work up
would rather
write off
· · · · · · (收起)
A
above all
according to
after all
aheadof
a good deal/a great deal
a good many/a great many
a little
all at once
all day
all in all
all/just the same
all of a sudden
all out
all over
allow for
all right
a lot/lots of
and so forth
and so on
a number of
around/round the clock
as a matter of fact
as a result
as/so far as
ask after
askfor
as soon as
as to
as usual
as well
as well as
as yet
at all
at all costs
at all events
at a loss
at any rate
at a time
at first
at hand
at heart
at home
at last
at least
at most/at the most
at once
at present
at stake
at this/that rate
at (the) worst
at times
B
back and forth
back down/off
back of
back out
back up
baseon
be/become accustomed to
be about to
be a steal
beat around the bush
be better off
beboundto
be carried away
become of
be cut out for/be cut out to be
be fed up
before long
be friends with
begin with
be had
be in charge of
be into
believe in
believe of
be looking up
be named after
be out of the question
be over
be rained out
be set to (do something)
be sick of
be up
be up for grabs
be up to (someone)
be up to (something)
be used to
be well of
be with (someone)
big deal
btow down/blow off/blow away
blow one's top
blowout
blow up
both-and
bow out
break away/break through/
break down
break down
break in
break into
break loose
break off
break out
bring about
bring back/take back
bringout
bring to
C
call/call up (someone)
call for
call it a day
calloff
carry out
catch at
catch cold
cateh fire
cateh on
catch one's breath
catch one's eye
catch sight of
cateh up
cave in
change (one's ) mind
check in/out
check up/check on/check up on
cheer up
clean out/clean off
clear up
clue (one) in
come about
come across
come around/round
come from
come off
come on
come out
come through
come to
come to an end
come to the point
come true
come up against
compare to/with
cop out
count on
count up
cover a lot of ground
cover for
cover up
crack a book
cross out
cut across
cutback
cutdown
cut in
cutoff
cut off/tear off/break off/
bite off/chew off
cut out
cut short
cut up/break up/chop up/
chew up
D
day in and day out/day after
day
die down
die out
dish out
do a snow job
do away with
do one's best
do over
double up
do without/go without
draw in
draw up
dream up
drive up to
drop in/drop in on
drop off
drop out
drop (someone) a line
dryout
dry run
dry up
due to
E
each other/one another
ease (someone) out
eat in
eatout
eatup
enjoy oneself
even if/though
every so often/every now and
then
except for
F
face to face
face up to
fair play
fall back on/ipon
fall behind
fall in love
fall off
fall out
fall through
far from
feel like
feel sorry for
fifty-fifty
figure out
fill in
fill (one) in
fill out
find fault with
findout
fix (someone or something) up
flare up
fool around
for example/instance
for good
for one thing, �?for another
for short
for sure
for the better
for the sake of
for the time being
fringe benefit
from time to time
front for
G
get across
get along
get along with
get a rise out of (someone)
get around/round
get at
get away
get away with
get back
get better-/get worse
get by
get down to
get even with
get held of
get in
get into the swing of things
get in touch with
get lost
getoff
geton
get on (one's) nerves
get out from under
get out of
get (step) out of line
get over
get rid of
get sick
get stuck
get the best of
get the better of
get through
get through to (another person)
get to (a place)
get together
getup
get used to
give away
give back
give birth to
give in
give off
give (one) a big hand
give (one) a break
give oneself away
giveout
give rise to
give (someone) a call
H
had better
hand down
hand in
hand in hand
hand on
hand out
hand over
hang about/around
hang back
hang on
hang on to
hang up
hard of hearing
have a good time
have a voice in
have got
have got to (do something)
have it in for
have it out with
haveon
have (one's) heart set on
have (one's) way/get (one' s)
own way
have ( something ) going for
(one)
have ( time) off/take (time)
O
off
have to/have got to
have to do with
have two strikes against (one)
have what it takes
head on
hear from
hear of
heart and soul
help oneself to
here and there
hold back
holdoff
hold on
hold on to/hold to
hold out
hold over
hold still
hold up
how about/what about"?
hurry up
I
ifonly 110 in order that
in addition to no in order to
inadvance110 m other words
inahurry
in particular
in all
in person
in any case
in place
in a sense
in place of
in a way
in practice
in a/one word
in return
in case
in secret
incaseof
in shape
in charge of
in short
in common
inside out
indanger
in sight of
in debt
in spite of
in difficulties
instead of
ineffect
in step
infact
in stock
infavorof
in tears
infrontof
in the air
ingeneral
in the end
inhonorof
in turn
inline
in the first/second place
inlinewith
in no time
in the long run
inone'sway
in the world
inorder
in the (one's) way
W
whatabout
what if
whatwith
whether...or
while away
who'swho
wipe out
work out
work up
would rather
write off
· · · · · · (收起)
读后感
用户评价
我必须指出，这本书的内容更新速度完全跟不上现代英语的发展。许多收录的“常用”表达，在实际的日常交流和近年的影视作品中已经很少听到了，甚至有些已经带上了明显的时代烙印，显得过时。相反，一些近年来非常流行、在网络和青年文化中占据主导地位的新兴短语和习语，这本书里却一个都没有收录。这使得这本书的“实用性”大打折扣。学习语言，尤其是鲜活的口语，最怕的就是学到“僵尸词汇”。我浪费了大量时间去记忆那些在现实中几乎没人用的表达，而当我试图用学到的新东西与朋友交流时，却发现自己仿佛来自另一个年代。出版方应该定期修订和更新内容，否则这类工具书的生命力会迅速枯竭。
这本书的作者似乎对“习语”的定义理解得有些偏差。许多被标注为“习语”的条目，其实不过是几个常见单词的简单组合，缺乏约定俗成的、超越字面意思的特定内涵。这无疑会误导读者，让他们混淆普通短语和真正意义上的地道习语。例如，它将一个非常直白的动宾短语也归类在习语之下，并用大篇幅去解释其字面意思，却完全没有触及习语的核心——其背后的文化典故或引申义。这种对概念的模糊处理，使得学习过程充满了困惑。我感觉自己像是在背诵一本“高阶短语词典”的粗糙初稿，而不是一本能真正帮我提升口语地道性的手册。这不仅浪费了我的精力，更可能在我未来的语言输出中埋下隐患，使我听起来像一个只会按字面意思理解语言的机器。
这本书的排版设计简直是场灾难，字体大小不一，行距也忽大忽小，拿到手上就感觉很不专业。尤其是那些例句部分，印刷的墨迹深浅不一，有些字母都快模糊不清了，真不知道编辑是怎么把关的。更要命的是，书中的插图——如果能称之为插图的话——简直是随手乱画的涂鸦，毫无美感可言，与现代出版物的标准相去甚远。我原本期待能有一本清晰、美观的学习工具，结果却拿到了一本像是赶工出来的草稿集。翻阅起来体验极差，每次查找短语都需要眯着眼睛仔细辨认，严重影响了学习效率和阅读心情。希望再版时，能在装帧和印刷质量上投入更多的关注，毕竟阅读体验是影响学习持续性的重要因素之一。纸张的质感也比较粗糙，翻页时总有一种廉价感，让人感觉这本书的价值与其售价严重不符。
从学习体验的角度来看，这本书缺乏必要的辅助教学材料，使得知识点的吸收变得异常枯燥乏味。它完全依赖于冰冷的文字列表，没有任何有声资源的配套，这对于依赖听觉学习和模仿语调的学习者来说是致命的缺陷。口语表达的学习，语境和发音是重中之重，但这本书在这两方面都严重缺失。我不得不自己去搜索引擎上查找每个短语的发音和实际应用视频，这无疑增加了额外的负担，也削弱了这本书作为“手册”的独立价值。一个好的语言学习工具应该是一个完整的生态系统，提供从“看”、“读”、“听”到“说”的闭环支持。这本书显然只完成了“看”的第一步，后面的学习路径则完全需要学习者自行摸索，体验感非常不完整。
这本书的结构逻辑性差到令人发指，作者似乎没有一个清晰的教学思路。它不像是一本手册，更像是一个随心所欲的短语堆砌。检索系统混乱不堪，索引部分极其简陋，我想要找某个特定主题或功能的短语时，几乎全靠碰运气。而且，很多短语的释义过于简略，甚至是直译，完全没有考虑到在实际语境中的细微差别和情感色彩。例如，书中对某个表示“惊讶”的习语的解释，仅仅停留在一个非常基础的层面，对于非母语学习者来说，根本无法把握其在不同场合下的恰当使用时机。我尝试着根据书中的引导进行模仿练习，结果发现自己说出的话语在真实的交流场景中显得非常生硬和怪异。这本书更像是给已经有很高英语基础的人士当作参考资料，而对于初学者来说，它无疑是一座难以逾越的迷宫。
