How do we go about weighing evidence, testing hypotheses, and making inferences? According to the model of Inference to the Best Explanation , we work out what to infer from the evidence by thinking about what would actually explain that evidence, and we take the ability of a hypothesis to explain the evidence as a sign that the hypothesis is correct. In Inference to the Best Explanation , Peter Lipton gives this important and influential idea the development and assessment it deserves. The second edition has been substantially enlarged and reworked, with a new chapter on the relationship between explanation and Bayesianism, and an extension and defence of the account of contrastive explanation. It also includes an expanded defence of the claims that our inferences really are guided by diverse explanatory considerations, and that this pattern of inference can take us towards the truth. This edition of Inference to the Best Explanation has also been updated throughout and includes a new bibliography.

彼得·利普顿(Peter Lipton，1954-2007)，在威斯理大学和牛津大学学习物理学和哲学，1985年获牛津大学博士学位。先后在克拉克大学、威廉斯学院和剑桥大学任教，担任汉斯·罗森教授席位、剑桥大学科学史与科学哲学系主任、国王学院院士、英国医学科学院院士、努费尔德生物伦理学委员会主席，创立了Askphilosophers．tom网站。在哲学研究中的兴趣集中在科学中的说明和推理之结构、科学进步的本质、社会认识论、科学与宗教的关系、生物医学伦理等方面。著有《最佳说明的推理》(1991年第一版，2004年增订第二版)。