A Small Scale Approach to Organic Laboratory Techniques(3 edition)

A Small Scale Approach to Organic Laboratory Techniques(3 edition) pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2026

出版者:Brooks Cole
作者:Donald L. Pavia
出品人:
页数:1024 pages
译者:
出版时间:2010-2-2
价格:$202.95
装帧:Hardcover
isbn号码:9781439049327
丛书系列:
图书标签:
  • 有机化学
  • 实验技术
  • 有机实验室
  • 化学实验
  • 小规模实验
  • 大学教材
  • 化学
  • 实验室操作
  • 有机合成
  • 实验指导
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具体描述

Product Description

Featuring new experiments, a new essay, and new coverage of nanotechnology, this organic chemistry laboratory book offers a comprehensive treatment of laboratory techniques including small-scale and some microscale methods that use standard-scale ("macroscale") glassware and equipment. The book is organized based on essays and topics of current interest and covers a large number of traditional organic reactions and syntheses, as well as experiments with a biological or health science focus. Seven introductory technique-based experiments, thirteen project-based experiments, and sections on green chemistry and biofuels, spark reader interest.

精密合成与分析:现代有机化学实验的基石 书名:Precision Synthesis and Analysis: Cornerstones of Modern Organic Chemistry Experimentation 作者:[此处可填写虚构的权威作者姓名,例如:Dr. Eleanor Vance & Prof. Kenji Tanaka] 出版社:[此处可填写虚构的专业学术出版社,例如:Quantum Press Academic] --- 导言:超越基础,迈向前沿的合成艺术 在有机化学的广阔天地中,实验操作不仅是理论知识的验证,更是创新和发现的驱动力。本书《精密合成与分析:现代有机化学实验的基石》并非对传统基础技术的简单重复,而是聚焦于当前有机化学研究和高阶教学中不可或缺的前沿技术、复杂反应调控以及高精度表征方法。我们深知,现代化学家面对的挑战远超简单的重结晶或薄层色谱(TLC)的范畴;他们需要掌握的是如何在大规模合成中实现立体选择性、区域选择性的精确控制,以及如何运用先进的谱学手段对复杂分子进行结构解析和纯度确认。 本书旨在为具备扎实有机化学基础知识(如理解基本官能团转化和标准分离技术)的学生、研究助理及工业化学家提供一个进阶的、实战导向的参考手册。我们将重点剖析那些需要精细设备、严格无水无氧条件以及深入理解反应机理才能成功实施的关键实验模块。 --- 第一部分:高级合成策略与反应调控 本部分深入探讨了对反应产率和选择性具有决定性影响的高级合成方法学,这些技术在工业规模化和药物发现中至关重要。 第一章:不对称催化反应的精细控制 本章摒弃了对非对映选择性诱导的一般性讨论,转而聚焦于手性催化剂的设计与筛选。我们将详细解析有机催化(Organocatalysis),特别是手性布朗斯特/路易斯酸催化体系在Michael加成、Aldol反应中的应用。实验部分将涵盖不对称氢化反应(Asymmetric Hydrogenation)的设备设置(如高压釜操作规程、惰性气体净化)和手性配体的优化。重点在于如何通过改变溶剂极性、温度梯度和催化剂负载量,实现超过99%的对映体过量(ee值)的稳定获取。 第二章:过渡金属催化的复杂键形成 本书将金属有机化学提升到更具挑战性的层次。我们不仅复习了基础的Suzuki偶联,更深入探讨了C-H键活化(C-H Activation)作为一种原子经济性合成工具的实践。详细章节将介绍钯、铑和铱催化剂在导向基团(Directing Group)辅助下的区域选择性C-H官能团化反应。实验操作将侧重于超痕量金属催化剂的引入与后处理,包括使用特殊吸附剂(如功能化硅胶或树脂)去除残留贵金属,以满足药物活性成分(API)的严格纯度要求。 第三章:极端条件下的反应工程 现代合成往往需要在偏离常温常压的环境下进行。本章专门介绍光化学反应器(Photochemical Reactor)的设计与安全操作,特别是涉及激发态分子的生成与猝灭。此外,微波辅助有机合成(MAOS)的进阶应用将被详述,重点在于如何利用微波技术快速筛选反应条件,并解决大规模微波反应中的热点和温度均匀性问题,确保实验的可重现性。 --- 第二部分:分离、纯化与结构解析的尖端技术 成功合成只是第一步,如何高效、准确地分离和确认产物是现代化学家的核心能力。本部分侧重于需要专业仪器的先进分离和表征技术。 第四章:高分辨率色谱分离技术 本章完全脱离了对标准柱层析(Column Chromatography)的讨论。核心内容聚焦于制备型高效液相色谱(Preparative HPLC)的实际操作。我们将详细阐述反相(RP)与正相(NP)制备分离的优化参数选择,包括梯度设计、载样量计算、收集窗口的设定,以及针对对映异构体分离的手性色谱柱的筛选与维护。此外,超临界流体色谱(SFC)作为一种更环保、更高效的制备分离手段,其在分离极性或热不稳定的化合物中的应用将被系统介绍。 第五章:先进核磁共振(NMR)波谱学实践 本书将NMR的讨论提升至二维及以上维度。重点在于如何从实验数据中解析复杂天然产物或多手性中心的分子结构。内容包括:COSY, NOESY/ROESY, HSQC, HMBC实验的脉冲序列设计、数据采集参数优化,以及最重要的——三维和四维NMR实验(如TOCSY, HNCA)在确定复杂连接性方面的应用。实践案例将涉及如何通过NOE信息确定分子构象和相对立体化学。 第六章:质谱(MS)与联用技术 本章聚焦于如何将高分辨率质谱与分离技术有效结合,以实现痕量杂质的定性与定量。详细内容包括:高分辨质谱(HRMS)的精确质量数测定在分子式确证中的作用,以及LC-MS/MS(串联质谱)在复杂混合物中目标产物碎片行为分析上的高级应用。我们将讨论如何通过碰撞能(Collision Energy)的精确控制,实现对特定官能团的有效碎裂,从而辅助结构确证。 --- 第三部分:特殊环境下的化学操作与安全规范 本书的最后部分强调了在极端或敏感实验条件下,操作的精确性、专业性和安全性要求。 第七章:严格无水无氧技术(Schlenk Line & Glovebox Management) 本章深入探讨了对水和氧气高度敏感的金属有机试剂(如有机锂试剂、格氏试剂、低价态过渡金属络合物)的操作。我们将详细教授Schlenk Line系统的日常维护、惰性气体(高纯度氩气或氮气)的净化流程,以及如何进行真空-充气循环(Pump/Purge Cycles)。对于手套箱(Glovebox)的使用,本书将提供详细的内部气氛控制标准(氧气/水含量监控)以及对敏感试剂的转移技术(Syringe/Cannula Technique的精进)。 第八章:微量化学与高活性试剂的安全处理 针对需要使用剧毒、易爆或极高活性试剂的实验(例如叠氮化物、重氮化合物、高能氧化剂),本书提供了详细的风险评估和操作规程。强调了反应量微缩化在降低风险中的作用,以及密闭反应体系的压力和温度实时监测技术。内容包括对特定化学品的个人防护设备(PPE)选择和应急处理流程的深入分析,远超基础安全指南的范畴。 --- 结语:通往独立研究的桥梁 《精密合成与分析:现代有机化学实验的基石》旨在弥合传统本科教学与尖端科研实践之间的鸿沟。它要求读者不仅要“知道”如何做反应,更要“理解”为什么在特定条件下,只有这些精密技术才能带来突破性的成果。本书是为那些准备将有机化学应用于药物开发、材料科学或复杂分子全合成领域的未来领导者量身打造的实用指南。

作者简介

About the Author

Donald L. Pavia earned his BS degree in chemistry from Reed College and his PhD in organic chemistry from Yale University. In 1970, he joined the faculty at Western Washington University as Assistant Professor and now holds the rank of Professor Emeritus. He is the coauthor of two organic laboratory books that include techniques and experiments: INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES: A MICROSCALE APPROACH, Fourth Edition (Brooks/Cole), and A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES, Third Edition (Brooks/Cole), as well as MICROSCALE AND MACROSCALE TECHNIQUES IN THE ORGANIC LABORATORY (Brooks/Cole), which highlights techniques to be used with a faculty member's own experiments. He is a co-author, with Gary M. Lampman and George S. Kriz, of an organic spectroscopy book, INTRODUCTION TO SPECTROSCOPY, Fourth Edition (Brooks/Cole). Professor Pavia's research interests center on the synthesis and reactions of valence tautomeric and photochromic compounds, especially pyrylium-3-oxide tautomers. Autoxidations are a special interest. His other interests include the use of computers in teaching organic chemistry, both for lecture presentation and for the simulation of laboratories. He is the author of several computer programs. One such program is SQUALOR (Simulated Qualitative Organic Analysis) for which he won the 1986 EDUCOM/NCRIPTAL award. The program is designed for teaching the methods for solving organic unknowns.

Gary M. Lampman earned his BS degree in chemistry from the University of California, Los Angeles, and his PhD in organic chemistry from the University of Washington. In 1964, he joined the faculty at Western Washington University as Assistant Professor, rising to Professor in 1973. He received the Outstanding Teaching Award for the College of Arts and Sciences in 1976. He now holds the title of Professor Emeritus. Teaching has always been an important part of his life. Contact with students invigorates him. He is the coauthor of two organic laboratory books that include techniques and experiments: INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES: A MICROSCALE APPROACH, Fourth Edition (Brooks/Cole), and A SMALL SCALE ARPPROACH TO ORGANIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES, Third Edition (Brooks/Cole), as well as MICROSCALE AND MACROSCALE TECHNIQUES IN THE ORGANIC LABORATORY (Brooks/Cole), which highlights techniques to be used with a faculty member's own experiments. He is a co-author, with Donald L. Pavia and George S. Kriz, of an organic spectroscopy book, INTRODUCTION TO SPECTROSCOPY, Fourth Edition (Brooks/Cole). Professor Lampman also is the author of the computer program for teaching organic nomenclature: ORGANIC NOMENCLATURE: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE IUPAC SYSTEM. His research interests center on synthetic methods involving the reaction of free radicals on unsaturated cobaloximes (vitamin B12 model compounds), synthesis of strained small ring compounds, and chemical education. He is the author of 18 papers in these areas. He is a member of the American Chemical Society (Organic and Chemical Education divisions), Sigma Xi, and the Washington College Chemistry Teachers Association.

George S. Kriz is Professor of Chemistry at Western Washington University. He earned his B.S. degree in chemistry from the University of California, and his Ph.D. from Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. In 1967 he joined the faculty at Western Washington University. He served as the General Chair of the 17th Biennial Conference on Chemical Education for 2001-2002. Professor Kriz was honored with the Peter J. Elich Excellence in Teaching Award (College of Arts and Sciences), Western Washington University, in 2000. He is the co-author with Donald Pavia, Gary Lampman and Randall Engel of two organic laboratory books that include both techniques and experiments: INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES: A MICROSCALE APPROACH, Fourth Edition (Brooks/Cole), and A SMALL SCALE APPROACH TO ORGANIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES, Third Edition (Brooks/Cole). Their book, MICROSCALE AND MACROSCALE TECHNIQUES IN THE ORGANIC LABORATORY (Brooks/Cole), includes techniques only, and can be used with a faculty member's own experiments. He is a co-author, with Donald Pavia and Gary Lampman, of an organic spectroscopy book, INTRODUCTION TO SPECTROSCOPY, Fourth Edition (Brooks/Cole). Professors Kriz's research interests include: developing new experiments for the organic chemistry laboratory; chemical education and the teaching of chemistry courses for general-understanding audiences; and determination of the structures of natural products using spectroscopic methods.

Randall G. Engel has taught chemistry for almost 30 years. He has co-authored with Donald Pavia, Gary Lampman, and George Kriz INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES: A MICROSCALE APPROACH, Fourth Edition (Brooks/Cole), and A SMALL SCALE INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES, Third Edition (Brooks/Cole). Their book, MICROSCALE AND MACROSCALE TECHNIQUES IN THE ORGANIC LABORATORY (Brooks/Cole), includes techniques only, and can be used with a faculty member's own experiments. Engel received his B.A. degree in chemistry from Cornell College and his M.S. degree in chemistry from Western Washington University. He began his teaching career at Wenatchee Valley College in 1975 and continued at Green River Community College and Edmonds Community College. Presently he teaches organic chemistry on a part-time basis at North Seattle Community College.

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