具体描述
Open Channel Hydraulics is written for undergraduate and graduate civil engineering students, and practicing engineers.
Written in clear and simple language, it introduces and explains all the main topics required for courses on open channel flows, using numerous worked examples to illustrate the key points.
With coverage of both introduction to flows, practical guidance to the design of open channels, and more advanced topics such as bridge hydraulics and the problem of scour, Professor Akan's book offers an unparalleled user-friendly study of this important subject
·Clear and simple style suited for undergraduates and graduates alike
·Many solved problems and worked examples
·Practical and accessible guide to key aspects of open channel flow
Open Channel Hydraulics: A Comprehensive Exploration of Fluid Dynamics in Natural and Engineered Waterways This seminal work delves into the intricate world of fluid behavior within open channels, offering a deep and practical understanding of hydraulics. It meticulously examines the fundamental principles governing the flow of water in rivers, canals, aqueducts, and other unconfined water bodies. The book provides a thorough grounding in the theoretical underpinnings, progressively building towards advanced applications and analytical techniques crucial for modern hydraulic engineering. Part I: Fundamentals of Open Channel Flow lays the essential groundwork. It begins with a detailed exploration of the properties of water and the concept of fluid motion, defining key terms such as viscosity, density, and surface tension, and explaining their significance in the context of open channel flow. The introduction of velocity and discharge measurement techniques prepares the reader for quantitative analysis, covering both traditional methods and modern instrumentation. A significant portion of this section is dedicated to the classification of flow patterns. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of uniform flow, where depth and velocity remain constant along the channel, and the underlying Manning's equation as the cornerstone for its analysis. The book then transitions to the more complex realm of non-uniform flow, meticulously breaking down gradually varied flow (GVF) and rapidly varied flow (RVF). For GVF, the intricate variations in water surface profiles are explained, including the calculation of backwater and drawdown curves, which are critical for bridge scour analysis, flood forecasting, and reservoir operation. RVF, characterized by abrupt changes in depth and velocity, is thoroughly examined through the lens of the energy equation and the concept of the hydraulic jump, a phenomenon vital for energy dissipation in spillways and culverts. The discussion on flow resistance is central to understanding energy loss in open channels. The book explores various roughness coefficients, their sources, and their impact on flow velocity. It provides detailed explanations of different boundary resistance models and their applicability across diverse channel conditions, from smooth concrete to rough natural riverbeds. Part II: Analysis and Design of Open Channels shifts focus to the practical application of hydraulic principles. Channel geometry and properties are systematically analyzed, including the calculation of wetted perimeter, hydraulic radius, and cross-sectional area for various shapes such as rectangles, trapezoids, and irregular sections. This forms the basis for subsequent design considerations. The core of this section revolves around designing for uniform flow. Readers will learn to determine appropriate channel dimensions, slopes, and roughness characteristics to achieve a desired discharge while minimizing energy loss and erosion. This involves detailed guidance on selecting suitable materials and construction methods. The complexities of sediment transport and scour are addressed with considerable depth. The book elucidates the mechanisms of initiation of motion, bedload transport, and suspended load transport, introducing fundamental equations like the Shields diagram and Meyer-Peter and Müller formula. Understanding these processes is paramount for the design of stable channels, the protection of hydraulic structures, and the management of river morphology. The analysis of scour around hydraulic structures, such as piers and abutments, is thoroughly covered, providing methods for predicting scour depth and implementing protective measures. Part III: Advanced Topics and Applications extends the understanding to more sophisticated hydraulic phenomena and real-world scenarios. The principles of flow in compound channels, where the cross-section comprises multiple distinct zones (e.g., main channel and floodplains), are rigorously investigated, highlighting the complexities in calculating overall discharge and energy losses. Hydraulic structures are examined in detail, covering the hydraulic design of weirs and spillways for discharge measurement and flood control, including the analysis of flow over various crest shapes and the calculation of discharge coefficients. The design of culverts and bridges is explored, focusing on minimizing flow obstruction, preventing head loss, and ensuring structural integrity. The phenomenon of wave propagation and its effects in open channels is a key area of study. Readers will learn about the characteristics of gravity waves, including their generation, propagation speed, and interaction with channel geometry. The book provides an in-depth analysis of surge waves and their impact on hydraulic structures and operations, crucial for understanding rapid changes in flow conditions. Finally, the book touches upon flood routing, the process of predicting the timing and magnitude of flood waves as they travel downstream. This involves introducing various methods, such as the Muskingum method, for predicting flood hydrographs and their attenuation, which is vital for flood warning systems and emergency preparedness. The discussion also includes an overview of numerical modeling techniques used in modern open channel hydraulics, offering insights into the computational tools employed for complex analyses. Throughout the text, a strong emphasis is placed on bridging theoretical concepts with practical engineering applications. Numerous solved examples and case studies are integrated to illustrate the application of principles in real-world scenarios, fostering a deep and intuitive grasp of open channel hydraulics. The rigorous mathematical treatment is balanced with clear explanations, making it an indispensable resource for students, researchers, and practicing engineers in the field of water resources, civil, and environmental engineering.
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