Russia is one of the few countries in the world where intellectuals existed as a social group and shared a unique social identity. This book focuses on one of the most important and influential groups of Russian intellectuals - the 1960s generation or 'Sixtiers' - who devoted their lives to defending 'socialism with a human face', authored Perestroika, and were subsequently demonized when the reforms failed. It investigates how these intellectuals were affected by the transition to the new post-Soviet Russia, and what became of them afterwards. Did these people change their views and regret the past? Unlike other studies on this subject, which view the Russian intelligentsia as simply an objectively existing group, Inna Kotchetkova also portrays the intelligentsia as a cultural story or myth of imaginative identity, revealing that the intelligentsia's existence is a function of the intellectuals' abilities to construct moral arguments. Drawing from extensive original empirical research, including interviews with the intellectuals themselves, "The Myth of the Russian Intelligentsia" shows how the Sixtiers creatively mobilized the myth as they attempted to repair their damaged identity.