The Shadow Economy pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024


The Shadow Economy

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Friedrich Schneider
Cambridge University Press
2007-12-03
240
USD 48.00
Paperback
9780521891073

圖書標籤: 經濟學  經濟   


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发表于2024-11-28

The Shadow Economy epub 下載 mobi 下載 pdf 下載 txt 電子書 下載 2024

The Shadow Economy epub 下載 mobi 下載 pdf 下載 txt 電子書 下載 2024

The Shadow Economy pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024



圖書描述

Illicit work, social security fraud, economic crime and other shadow economy activities are fast becoming an international problem. Friedrich Schneider and Dominik H. Enste use currency demand, physical input (electricity) method, and the model approach to estimate the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition and OECD-countries. They argue that during the 1990s the average size of a shadow economy varied from 12 per cent of GDP for OECD, to 23 per cent for transition and to 39% for developing countries. They examine the causes and consequences of this development using an integrated approach explaining deviant behaviour, which combines the findings of economic, sociological and psychological research. The authors suggest that increasing taxation, social security contributions, rising state regulatory activities and the decline of the tax morale, are all driving forces behind this growth, especially in OECD-countries. They propose a reform of state institutions to improve the dynamics of the official economy.

The Shadow Economy 下載 mobi epub pdf txt 電子書

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