This carefully selected balance of tutorial-like review chapters and advanced research covers hot topics in the field of biointerfaces, biosensing, nanoparticles at interfaces, and functionalized quantum dots. It also includes chapters arising from non-published work with topics such as surface design and their applications, as well as new developments in analytical tools for materials science and life science. Based on the very close and complementary collaboration of three distinguished leading research groups, this book highlights recent advances in the field ranging from synthesis and fabrication of organic and polymeric materials, surface and interface science to advanced analytical methods. It thus addresses new concepts in micro- and nanofabrication, bio-nanotechnology, biosensors and the necessary compositional and structural analysis. Particular attention is paid throughout to complex hierarchical interface architectures and possible applications of the chemical and physical methodologies discussed, covering bio-diagnostics, novel biosensors and adhesion science. With its unique combination of expertise from chemistry, physics, biology, surface science and engineering, this is a valuable companion for students, practitioners and established experts.