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价格:1362.00元

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isbn号码:9783110170535

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图书标签:

• Cameroon
• English language
• Language policy
• Bilingualism
• Education
• Sociolinguistics
• African studies
• Language and culture
• Postcolonialism
• Applied linguistics

Cameroon: A Tapestry of Languages and Emerging Voices Cameroon, a nation celebrated for its extraordinary linguistic diversity, offers a fascinating lens through which to explore the dynamic evolution of English in a post-colonial African context. Situated at the crossroads of Francophone and Anglophone traditions, this Central African republic presents a unique sociolinguistic landscape where English, while official, dances with a multitude of indigenous languages and the pervasive influence of French. This intricate interplay shapes not only communication patterns but also the very identity and cultural expression of its people. The historical trajectory of English in Cameroon is deeply intertwined with its colonial past. Following World War I, the country was divided, with the British administering a portion of its territory as part of Nigeria, and France governing the larger, eastern part. This partition laid the groundwork for the bilingual and often multilingual reality that defines Cameroon today. While French became the dominant official language in the larger territory, English took root in the Anglophone regions, primarily in the Southwest and Northwest. The eventual reunification of Cameroon in 1961, though intended to foster national unity, also amplified the linguistic complexities, creating a nation where two major European languages coexist, alongside hundreds of indigenous tongues. In contemporary Cameroon, English serves a multifaceted role. It is the language of national administration, higher education, and increasingly, of commerce and international engagement. Within the Anglophone regions, English is the primary medium of instruction in schools and universities, and its presence is most deeply felt in public life. However, even here, the linguistic terrain is not monolithic. Pidgin English, a creolized form, enjoys widespread use as a lingua franca, particularly among urban populations and across different linguistic groups. This vibrant form of English, born out of necessity for inter-ethnic communication, possesses its own rich vocabulary, grammar, and cultural nuances, reflecting a uniquely Cameroonian linguistic innovation. Beyond the Anglophone regions, English's reach extends into the Francophone majority through educational systems that often include English as a compulsory subject. This exposure, though varied in intensity and effectiveness, has created a generation of Cameroonians who, regardless of their primary linguistic background, possess some level of proficiency in English. This shared, albeit sometimes limited, understanding of English contributes to its role as a bridge between different communities within the nation. The study of English in Cameroon is therefore not simply an examination of grammatical structures or lexical acquisition. It is an immersion into a living, breathing entity that is constantly being shaped by the unique social, cultural, and historical forces at play. It is about understanding how a global language adapts and transforms within a specific African context, giving rise to new expressions, new identities, and new ways of seeing the world. It is about acknowledging the agency of Cameroonian speakers in molding English to their own needs and realities. The emergence of a distinct Cameroonian English, often referred to as Cameroonian Pidgin English or its more standardized forms, is a testament to this adaptation. This is not simply a degraded form of standard English, but a complex linguistic system with its own internal logic and expressive power. It is the language of everyday conversation, of popular music, of oral traditions, and increasingly, of literature and artistic expression. Its vocabulary is peppered with loanwords from indigenous languages, reflecting the multicultural fabric of the nation. Its grammatical structures often simplify or reconfigure standard English patterns, creating a unique rhythm and flow. Furthermore, the influence of French cannot be ignored when discussing English in Cameroon. Code-switching between English and French is a common phenomenon, particularly in bilingual urban centers. This linguistic fluidity underscores the adaptability of Cameroonians and their ability to navigate multiple linguistic worlds seamlessly. The interaction between English and French creates interesting linguistic phenomena, influencing vocabulary, syntax, and even pronunciation. The literary and media landscape in Cameroon also reflects this linguistic dynamism. While many authors write in French, a growing number are choosing English, or a blend of both, to reach wider audiences and to articulate their experiences in ways that resonate with both local and international readers. This literary output provides invaluable insights into the Cameroonian psyche, its aspirations, its challenges, and its rich cultural heritage. Similarly, media outlets, from radio stations to online platforms, utilize English to disseminate information and engage with a diverse populace. Understanding English in Cameroon necessitates an appreciation for the social stratification and educational disparities that also impact language use. Access to quality English education can vary significantly, leading to different levels of proficiency and consequently, different social and economic opportunities. The role of English in social mobility and in securing positions within international organizations or multinational corporations is a significant aspect of its contemporary relevance. In essence, the story of English in Cameroon is a narrative of adaptation, innovation, and cultural negotiation. It is a story that moves beyond simplistic notions of linguistic purity or dominance. It is a story of how a language, introduced through colonial history, has been embraced, modified, and made one's own by a vibrant and resilient people. It is a testament to the power of language to connect, to express, and to shape identity in a nation that is as diverse and dynamic as its linguistic tapestry.

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我最近对后殖民文学中的身份认同危机特别感兴趣，所以当看到这个书名时，我预设它会深入探讨喀麦隆作为英法双语国家，英语在教育、媒体和商业领域所扮演的复杂、甚至充满矛盾的角色。我期待看到对“Cameroonian English”的具体语音、词汇创新以及其与标准英式英语的张力分析。然而，这本书的结构更像是一部人物传记，但叙述的主体却不是某位历史人物，而是“一种被遗忘的传统手工艺”。全书围绕着一种曾经流行于滨海省份、使用特殊纤维编织的篮子展开，详细记录了这项技艺从鼎盛到衰落的全过程。作者用近乎人类学的视角，记录了最后一位掌握该技艺的老妇人的口述历史，并配有大量的工艺步骤图解。书中对这种篮子编织过程中所使用的特定术语进行了详尽的词汇表说明，但这些术语显然是当地语言（如Duala语或Bassa语）的词汇，而非英语。作者似乎想通过这种具体的物质文化载体，来隐喻喀麦隆身份的碎片化，但实现这一目的的媒介却是对“工艺本身”的痴迷，而不是对“语言”的批判性审视。读完后，我反而对这种篮子的结构原理了如指掌，对喀麦隆的语言现实却依旧感到迷茫。

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这部作品，初读之下，我原以为会是一本关于西非喀麦隆地区英语学习方法或语言政策的权威论著，毕竟书名《English in Cameroon》颇具学术指向性。然而，翻开第一页，映入眼帘的却是一幅幅精妙绝伦的野生动物素描，以及对当地植物生态的细致入微的观察记录。作者似乎将重点完全放在了喀麦隆广袤的自然风光和生物多样性上，语言风格极其典雅，充满了十九世纪探险文学的味道。文字描述中，对于大猩猩的社会结构、雨林中独特的气味、以及清晨薄雾如何笼罩着亚温德（Yaoundé）郊外的山脉，都进行了近乎诗意的渲染。我花了整整一个下午，沉浸在对曼古布（Manenguba）山脉云雾缭绕的奇景想象中，完全忘记了自己期待的是语言学探讨。书中穿插了一些手绘地图，标注的不是城镇和公路，而是河流的流向和已灭绝物种的可能栖息地。这与其说是一本“英语”书，不如说是一本被命名为“英语”的、关于喀麦隆自然史的华美散文集。它成功地将我带入了一个完全不同的世界，一个由绿色和野性主宰的领域，与我预期的任何学术框架都大相径庭，但这反而带来了一种意想不到的阅读惊喜，只是，如果有人是为了学习非洲英语口音而来，这本书显然会让他们大失所望，因为它完全绕开了语言的语境，直击灵魂深处的自然回响。

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我是一名业余历史爱好者，对英法殖民势力在非洲的角力史抱有浓厚的兴趣，因此，看到这个书名，我立即联想到了解殖民历史对当地教育体系的深远影响。我希望这本书能揭示英国总督府是如何试图在杜阿拉（Douala）和林贝（Limbe）推广其教育模式，以及当地反抗运动如何利用英语作为工具进行宣传。然而，这本书的焦点却出奇地集中在某个特定历史时期的——具体来说是1920年代初——喀麦隆境内一支由英国雇佣的、以坦噶尼喀（Tanganyika）士兵为主的维和部队的后勤供给链上。作者用一种近乎侦探小说的笔法，追踪了这支部队的口粮、弹药和制服是如何通过加蓬和尼日利亚的港口转运，最终抵达喀麦隆的。书中反复出现的“English”一词，指代的并非语言，而是“英式标准”（English Standard），即英军的物资规格和质量检验标准。大量的篇幅在讨论“1924年制英式军靴的皮质厚度”与“标准英式饼干的配方”之间的差异。这种对军事后勤细节的过度专注，使得任何对文化或语言的探讨都完全退居二线，成为了背景的背景。这更像是一本被错误归档的、关于第一次世界大战后勤史的专业读物。

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坦率地说，我是在寻找一本关于非洲文学批评的入门读物时偶然发现它的，我的研究兴趣集中在切特阿布（Achebe）和费尔南德斯（Fernandez）等作家的文本翻译策略上。我本以为《English in Cameroon》会聚焦于那些使用英语进行创作的本土作家群体，分析他们在表达本土经验时如何“驯化”或“反抗”英语的既有规范。但这本书的体裁令人费解，它更像是某个政府部门在七十年代末期发布的一份关于基础设施建设的内部报告，充满了大量的表格、数据和图表，但这些数据与语言、教育或文化传播毫无关系。它详尽记录了西南部省份在1975年至1980年间修建的一批小型水坝和灌溉系统的工程日志。每一章都以一个水坝的名称命名，后面紧跟着水坝的混凝土用量、预估发电量以及实际投入使用的日期。语言风格是高度客观、去情感化的技术性描述，充斥着诸如“垂直承重结构”、“土壤渗透系数”这类术语。我试图在这些冰冷的工程数据中寻找一丝隐喻的线索——或许水坝象征着外来文化对本土的“灌溉”？但这种解读显然是过度解读，全书的基调就是枯燥的行政报告，与“英语”这个主题的关联，恐怕只剩下印刷这本书时所用的纸张可能是在一个使用英语为工作语言的机构里完成的这点微弱联系了。

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我一直认为，理解一个地区的文学或艺术，必须从其独特的幽默感入手，因为笑声往往是最真实的文化试金石。我期待《English in Cameroon》能收录一些本地作家或喜剧演员用英语创作的讽刺短篇或笑话集，用以展示当地社会如何以一种轻松或批判的方式来解构殖民遗留问题。然而，我所面对的，是一本深入探讨“喀麦隆传统烹饪中的香料使用艺术”的百科全书。作者以近乎迷恋的程度，分类讨论了超过一百种本地香料，从辣椒的辣度分级到姜黄在不同季节中的最佳搭配。每一道菜肴的介绍都极其详尽，步骤清晰，但这些食谱和技巧的讲解，全部使用了一种非常直白的、教科书式的法语，夹杂着少量当地土语的香料名称解释。英语在这个文本中，似乎只在“致谢”部分和图书馆的编目卡上出现过。如果说烹饪是一种语言，那么这本书使用的语言显然不是英语，而是热情的法语和朴实的当地方言。我尝试着将书中的香料名称与我所知的任何英语词汇对应起来，发现几乎没有重叠，这本“美食指南”成功地将我对喀麦隆的语言期待彻底转化为了对烟熏辣椒和棕榈油的无限向往，完全偏离了书名所暗示的主题。

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