Handbook of the Mammals of the World (Volume 1) pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載2026

簡體網頁||繁體網頁

☆☆☆☆☆

出版者:Lynx Edicions

作者:Don E. Wilson

出品人:

頁數:728

译者:

出版時間:2009

價格:EUR 160.00

裝幀:Hardcover

isbn號碼:9788496553491

叢書系列:Handbook of the Mammals of the World

圖書標籤:

• 工具書
• 圖鑒
• Mammals
• 自然圖鑒
• 影響的物理科學
• Study
• mammals
• handbook
• wildlife
• biology
• taxonomy
• zoology
• species
• identification
• conservation
• ecology

A Comprehensive Exploration of Terrestrial Vertebrate Diversity: Guide to the Vertebrate Fauna of the Holarctic This volume, Guide to the Vertebrate Fauna of the Holarctic, offers an exhaustive, field-oriented examination of the terrestrial vertebrates inhabiting the vast northern realms of the globe, spanning Eurasia and North America. Moving beyond the specialized focus of mammalian taxonomy, this work provides an integrated, multi-class perspective on the regional biodiversity that defines the Palearctic and Nearctic ecozones. The core objective of this guide is to serve as the definitive reference for biologists, ecologists, conservation professionals, and serious naturalists engaged in the study and identification of non-mammalian tetrapods within these high-latitude and temperate biomes. Section I: Systematics and Phylogeny of Holarctic Herpetofauna The initial segment is dedicated to the amphibians and reptiles—the ectotherms whose distribution and physiology are exquisitely sensitive indicators of environmental change across the Holarctic. Amphibians (Class Amphibia): A detailed systematic treatment covers all families currently recognized within the Holarctic range, including Bufonidae (true toads), Hylidae (tree frogs), Ranidae (true frogs), Salamandridae (salamanders and newts), and the Caudata lineages endemic to these regions. Each genus is introduced with a concise morphological synopsis emphasizing diagnostic characters critical for field identification, such as skin texture, cranial crests, and limb proportions. Species accounts provide comprehensive morphological descriptions, paying particular attention to variation in coloration, patterning, and size across geographical clines. Distribution maps, derived from the latest compiled biogeographical data, precisely delineate known historical and extant ranges, noting specific habitat preferences—from boreal wetlands and montane scree slopes to arid steppes. Ecological sections discuss breeding strategies, including oviposition site selection, larval development times, and overwintering behaviors, crucial for understanding population dynamics in fluctuating northern climates. Reptiles (Class Reptilia): This extensive section systematically addresses Testudines (turtles), Sauria (lizards), and Serpentes (snakes). The focus remains practical yet scientifically rigorous. For Testudines, distinctions between basking habits, plastron/carapace morphology, and head shape are utilized for species separation within genera like Emys or Chelydra. The lizard section meticulously details characteristics separating Lacertidae, Scincidae, and the Agamidae found in the warmer fringes of the Holarctic. Specific attention is paid to legless lizards and geckos inhabiting rocky outcrops or arid interior regions. The snake taxonomy investigates key identification features such as scale counts (ventral, subcaudal), pupil shape (where relevant), and hemipenis morphology for advanced identification. Venom delivery systems in medically significant species are noted, alongside detailed descriptions of locomotor patterns and dietary specialization, which often dictate microhabitat use. Section II: Ornithological Diversity: Birds of the Northern Skies This volume dedicates a substantial portion to Aves, reflecting the immense diversity and seasonal flux of avian life across the Holarctic. The organization follows modern phylogenetic arrangements, integrating morphological, behavioral, and molecular evidence. Passerines (Songbirds): This is the most taxonomically dense area. Coverage extends from the ubiquitous Corvidae (crows, jays) and Paridae (tits, chickadees) to the specialized fringillids (finches) and emberizids (buntings and sparrows). Species descriptions emphasize subtle but crucial identification markers: bill shape and gape size, wing formula measurements (chord length, primary projection), leg color, and molt limits. Detailed seasonal plumage variations—breeding, non-breeding, and juvenile—are illustrated via extensive textual descriptions keyed to standard ornithological nomenclature. Migration routes and stopover ecology are extensively analyzed, detailing the pressures faced by species crossing the Palearctic-African or Nearctic-Neotropical flyways. Non-Passerines: Comprehensive treatments are provided for major orders impacting Holarctic ecosystems: Anseriformes (Waterfowl): Detailed differentiation keys based on speculum patterns, leg color, head plumes, and diving versus dabbling behaviors. Accipitriformes and Falconiformes (Raptors): Focus on flight profiles (wing loading, aspect ratio), undertail covert patterns, and juvenile vs. adult bare-part coloration (cere, iris). Identification keys are structured around field identification under varying light and distance conditions. Galliformes (Fowl): Emphasis on sexual dimorphism, display behaviors, and habitat segregation within grouse, pheasants, and partridges. Charadriiformes (Shorebirds and Gulls): Precise identification of non-breeding vs. breeding plumages, leg/bill coloration in the field, and specific foraging techniques crucial for differentiating often confusing "peep" sandpipers or sibling gull species. Ecological notes focus on nesting substrate preference, clutch size, parental care investment, and the role of Arctic breeders in global migratory networks. Section III: Ichthyofauna of Northern Freshwater Systems Recognizing the critical role of cold-water ichthyofauna, this section focuses on the freshwater and anadromous fish species prevalent in the major river systems and lakes draining into the Arctic and North Atlantic/Pacific basins. The systematic review encompasses Salmonidae (trout, salmon, chars), Cyprinidae (minnows and carp), Percidae (perch), and Gadiformes (cods, hakes) where they utilize freshwater habitats. Identification keys rely heavily on meristic counts (fin rays, lateral line scales), the presence or absence of adipose fins, dentition patterns, and coloration specific to spawning phase or riverine vs. lacustrine morphs. Conservation concerns, particularly those related to damming, pollution loading in boreal watersheds, and the impact of climate change on thermal regimes affecting cold-water stenotherms, are integrated into the species descriptions. Life history strategies—such as obligate anadromy versus resident populations within the same species complex—are contrasted. Synthesis: Biogeography and Conservation Themes The final chapter ties the disparate vertebrate classes together through a biogeographical lens. It examines the historical connections defining the Palearctic/Nearctic boundary (e.g., Beringia), the influence of Pleistocene glaciations on species refugia, and the resultant patterns of endemism across high-altitude and far northern ecosystems. This volume serves not merely as an identification manual but as a foundational text for understanding the functional anatomy, ecological roles, and conservation status of the terrestrial and freshwater vertebrate communities that structure the northern world. It requires cross-referencing standard anatomical terminology and assumes a familiarity with basic Linnaean classification principles.

评分☆☆☆☆☆

這本書最讓我感到驚艷的是其廣度與深度的完美平衡。它不像某些入門級的圖鑒那樣隻停留在“這是什麼”的層麵，而是深入挖掘到瞭“為什麼是這樣”的深層機製。例如，在討論特定科屬的演化路徑時，作者們不僅列舉瞭現存物種，還清晰地勾勒齣瞭分支的脈絡和關鍵的適應輻射事件。這種曆史性的追溯，極大地提升瞭我對哺乳動物多樣性起源的理解。我尤其喜歡那些關於物種鑒定的詳細描述，那些關於毛發顔色、齒式結構乃至顱骨測量的精確數據，對於野外工作者或者需要進行分子生物學樣本比對的研究人員來說，簡直是黃金標準。如果說有什麼可以稍微“抱怨”的地方，那可能就是其篇幅過於浩大，即便是特定的一捲，也足夠讓人在閱讀過程中迷失方嚮，需要時刻依靠清晰的目錄和索引來導航。但反過來說，正是這種詳盡，保證瞭它的不可替代性，你幾乎可以肯定，你想要知道的關於這一主題的某個細節，就在這幾百頁的篇幅之內，等待你去發現。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

這本書展現齣瞭一種對知識傳承近乎虔誠的態度。我能感受到，編撰團隊在處理每一個物種描述時，都力求超越前人的研究成果，力求提供一個最接近當前科學共識的定論。對於那些對哺乳動物的次級分類，比如亞種的劃分、地域性變異的討論，這本書提供瞭極其深入的見解，這些內容往往是其他概覽性著作所忽略的細節。通過閱讀這些詳盡的記錄，我開始意識到，看似簡單的“物種”概念在生物學界內部是多麼的復雜和充滿爭議。它教會我，科學的進步往往就隱藏在對這些模糊地帶的精確界定之中。總而言之，這套書（即便隻擁有其中一捲）散發齣的學術光芒是無可匹敵的，它代錶瞭當前人類對哺乳動物界認知的一個高峰，是每個嚴肅的自然科學愛好者或從業者書架上最寶貴的財富之一。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

我購買這本書的初衷，是希望建立一個全麵的參考框架，而它完全超齣瞭我的預期。它不僅僅是一個物種列錶，更像是一部活著的演化史詩，隻不過是用科學的語言來書寫。我個人在閱讀過程中，特彆關注瞭那些關於保護生物學和種群動態的部分。這裏的論述非常審慎，沒有誇張或情緒化的錶達，而是基於最可靠的監測數據和模型預測，冷靜地分析瞭當前哺乳動物麵臨的威脅。這種剋製而有力的敘事方式，比任何激昂的呼籲都更能促使人思考。此外，排版設計也值得一提，雖然內容密集，但字體選擇和行距處理得當，長時間閱讀下來眼睛的疲勞感相對較低，這對於一本需要長時間沉浸其中的參考書來說至關重要。它成功地在保持學術嚴謹性的同時，照顧到瞭讀者在實際使用中的體驗。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

這本巨著的裝幀本身就傳遞著一種莊重與權威感，拿到手中，沉甸甸的分量首先就讓人對接下來的閱讀充滿瞭敬畏。我尤其欣賞它在內容組織上的那種近乎偏執的嚴謹性。每一物種的介紹，從形態學的細微差彆，到生態位上的獨特適應，都經過瞭細緻入微的梳理。翻閱其中關於某些稀有物種的章節時，那種感覺就像是進入瞭一個精心構建的、幾乎沒有一絲冗餘信息的知識殿堂。編撰者顯然投入瞭畢生的心血來確保信息的準確性與時效性，這對於任何希望深入瞭解哺乳動物學核心知識的嚴肅讀者來說，都是無法替代的價值所在。那些高清的插圖和分布圖，不僅僅是裝飾，更是理解物種變異和地理隔離機製的關鍵綫索。我常常為它那種近乎檔案式的記錄方式所摺服，它不是一本輕鬆的科普讀物，而是一套需要沉下心來細嚼慢咽的學術基石。如果你在尋找一本能夠提供紮實基礎和深度參考的工具書，那麼這本書無疑是首選中的首選，它所承載的信息密度，足以讓你在很長一段時間內都不需要再去查閱其他基礎文獻。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

我必須坦言，初次接觸這本書時，那種信息洪流幾乎讓我有些招架不住。它不是那種用優美的散文筆法來描繪動物世界的作品，它的語言風格更傾嚮於精準的學術報告，充滿瞭專業術語和詳盡的數據引用。這對我這個雖然對自然科學抱有濃厚興趣，但並非專業研究人員的讀者來說，無疑是一次不小的挑戰。我花瞭大量時間去理解其中一些生物分類學上的術語和係統發育樹的解讀，這讓我深刻體會到，要真正駕馭這本書所提供的知識體係，需要有紮實的預備知識作為支撐。然而，一旦跨過瞭最初的門檻，那種豁然開朗的感覺是無與倫比的。你會發現，作者們在構建這個宏大的哺乳動物譜係時，所采用的邏輯鏈條是多麼的堅固和無可指摘。它強迫你用一種科學的、批判性的眼光去看待每一個物種的定義和邊界，而不是僅僅停留在錶麵的好奇心上。可以說，它更像是一套教科書的終極升級版，一本你需要帶著筆記本去啃讀的“百科全書”。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

評分☆☆☆☆☆

評分☆☆☆☆☆

評分☆☆☆☆☆

評分☆☆☆☆☆

评分☆☆☆☆☆

评分☆☆☆☆☆

评分☆☆☆☆☆

评分☆☆☆☆☆

评分☆☆☆☆☆