Contents

1. Publisher's Note

2. Preface

3. The Tibetan People

4. The Tibetan Language

5. Bon and the Bonpos

6. Tibet: Zhangzhung and Bod

7. Religion and Politics

8. Notes

9. Derivation of the Tibetan script

Chögyal Namkhai Norbu was born in 1938 in Derghe, in Eastern Tibet and was recognized at birth as the reincarnation of a noted exponent of the Dzogchen tradition. Notwithstanding his youth, he was already well known by the end of the 1950s as a person with a profound knowledge of the Dzogchen teachings and also as a spiritual teacher. His fame in India and in Tibet was such that in 1960 Professor Giuseppe Tucci, an eminent scholar and founder of the Is. MEO (one of the major institutes of oriental studies in Italy), invited him to Rome to collaborate in research at what is today known as Is.I.A.O, (Istituto per l'Africa e l'Oriente). It was thus that Namkhai Norbu came to Italy where he contributed actively in the development of Tibetan studies in the West.

In 1962 he took up a post teaching Tibetan language and literature in Naples at the Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli where he worked until 1992.

For the first fifteen years of his residence in Italy, Namkhai Norbu concentrated mainly on the Ancient History of Tibet. His works are evidence of his deep knowledge of Tibetan culture and are addressed to the young people of Tibet in order that their awareness of an ancient cultural heritage should not die out. The works of Namkhai Norbu are a significant reference point for these young people, whether they live in the People's Republic of China or whether they are living in exile, and represent the continuation of the cultural heritage of Tibet and its national identity. His studies have become so well known at an international level that he has an intense program of lectures and seminars in the major centers of Oriental studies and in universities throughout the world.

From the mid-seventies Namkhai Norbu began to teach Yantra Yoga and Dzogchen meditation to a few Italian students, and the growing interest in his teachings convinced him to dedicate himself increasingly to such activities. Together with a number of disciples he founded the first Dzogchen community in Arcidosso in Tuscany and then later founded other centers in various parts of Europe, Russia, the United States, South America, and Australia.