COBOL

COBOL pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2026

出版者:
作者:Grauer, Robert T.; Villar, Carol Vasquez; Buss, Arthur R.
出品人:
页数:896
译者:
出版时间:
价格:1392.00元
装帧:
isbn号码:9780137908172
丛书系列:
图书标签:
  • COBOL
  • 编程语言
  • 商业应用
  • 大型机
  • 数据处理
  • 历史编程语言
  • 遗留系统
  • 金融系统
  • 教学
  • 计算机科学
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Book Info Text covers all basic COBOL elements. Version 4.0 of the Fujitsu compiler, editor, and project manager. New third edition. Softcover. CD-ROM included. DLC: COBOL (Computer program language) --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title. From the Inside Flap Preface COBOL: From Micro to Mainframe is a truly comprehensive work, providing in a single source all subjects normally covered in the one-year COBOL sequence. The scope is extensive, ranging from an introduction to COBOL, to maintaining sequential files and nonsequential files. The text also shows the new directions for COBOL in a chapter about Object-Oriented COBOL and an appendix devoted to the proposed changes in the COBOL 2000 standard. All programs in the book can be run on personal computers or with minor modifications on mainframes or other platforms. The beauty of COBOL is that it can operate on any platform. This text provides instruction in ANS XOPEN standard COBOL. The one exception is the use of Micro Focus Object-Oriented COBOL in Chapter 20, since the final ANS standard has not yet been adopted. Improvements in the Third Edition The third edition responds to the requests of many students and instructors to provide access to Windows-based tools while maintaining the proven approach to teaching COBOL. Features of this edition include the following: The text has been modified to show the development of programs in a Windows environment. While the essential characteristics of COBOL remain unchanged, the development tools have not. This edition provides examples using one of the most popular Windows development tools available: Micro Focus (r) Personal COBOL(tm) for Windows(tm). Chapter 19 has been added to explain the Year 2000 problem. This chapter discusses the sources of the problem, shows why it is a problem, and discusses several techniques to correct the problem. At the end of the chapter, we provide a list of World Wide Web sites where further information may be obtained. Another new chapter (Chapter 20) demonstrates the concepts of Object-Oriented COBOL. This new approach to COBOL promises to be a way for companies to maintain the value of their legacy COBOL programs while still being able to use the benefits of object-oriented programming. Appendix A provides extensive coverage of the Micro Focus Personal COBOL for Windows. In addition to explaining every menu item and button, this appendix also includes a brief tutorial allowing the student to experience process of creating a program. Appendix B provides a guide to installing Personal COBOL for Windows and several techniques to make using the product easier. Coverage of COBOL 2000 and intrinsic functions has been added in Appendix E. The 1989 extensions to COBOL 85 allow the use of predefined functions that had been missing in COBOL. This appendix also discusses the changes anticipated in COBOL 2000. In Appendix G, there are 32 new projects for student programming assignments. Many of these projects build on previous tasks allowing the student to experience the development of systems and the performance of maintenance. Various chapters have been changed to incorporate the changes in debugging and editing techniques used with a Windows programming environment as opposed to using a DOS compiler and debugger. Benefits and Features All of the features that have made the second edition successful have been retained and carried over into the third edition. These include: Immediate entry into COBOL programming, beginning in Chapter 1. Programming is learned by doing, and the book has students writing a complete program from the very beginning. Chapter 2 continues the discussion by having them execute the program of Chapter 1 in a thorough introduction to the programming process. Over 30 illustrative COBOL programs reinforce the discussion in the text and serve as both pedagogical aids and subsequent reference material. Every program is presented in a uniform and detailed format, including program narrative, record layouts, report layouts, test data, and processing specifications. A thorough discussion structured methodology, hierarchy charts, pseudocode, and top-down testing is presented in Chapter 3 and followed throughout. Students learn the proper way to develop programs early on and follow the procedure throughout the text. Every COBOL program in the text as well as data files for the student projects are available for download from a special World Wide Web site: prenhall/grauer_cobol. The availability of the sample listings enables students to reproduce and/or modify any of the programs without the tedium of data entry and further enhances the learning experience. An abundance of short-answer (true-false and fill-in) questions, COBOL problems, and programming projects for every chapter, with answers to the odd-numbered questions provided in Appendix F. Programming tips, dispersed throughout the text, that go beyond the syntactical rules of COBOL, and suggest stylistic considerations to make programs easier to read and maintain. Extensive use of graphic aids, featuring a two-color presentation, with figures to further clarify the presentation. Where Micro Focus Personal COBOL is discussed, actual pictures of the screens assist the student in understanding the user interface. System concept presentation at the beginning of most chapters, as COBOL instruction has come to require additional material beyond the language itself. There are detailed discussions of control breaks, data validation, techniques for table lookups and initialization, storing, the balance line algorithm for file maintenance and the organization of indexed files. While focusing on the proven techniques of structured programming and the established syntax of COBOL 85, the text also introduces the concepts of object-orientation and previews the significant changes in COBOL 2000. Software and Supplements The following software and supplements are available from Prentice Hall: SOFTWARE - Micro Focus Personal COBOL for Windows 3.1 with object-orientation and Personal Dialog System. Compatible with Windows95 and WindowsNT, Personal COBOL provides all the tools to help you learn and use COBOL. The software includes an integrated editor, compiler and animator for creating, debugging and executing COBOL programs. Prentice Hall offers an affordable package of COBOL: From Micro to Mainframe, Third Edition with the Micro Focus Personal COBOL Compiler. Please order ISBN 0-13-975178-5. WEB SITE - Download every COBOL program in the text as well as data files for the nearly on hundred student projects from the COBOL: From Micro to Mainframe web site at: prenhall/grauer_cobol. Instructor's Resource Manual (ISBN# 0-13-081513-6) Prentice Hall Custom Test. Based on the powerful testing technology developed by Engineering Software Associates, Inc. (EAS), Prentice Hall Custom Test allows the educator to create and tailor the exam to their own needs. Please order ISBN# 0-13-081515-2 Acknowledgments We are especially grateful to our editors at Prentice Hall, Laura Steele, Alan Apt, and Marcia Horton, without whom this project would not have been possible. We also want to thank the many other individuals who helped produce the third edition. Irwin Zucker, who supervised the production, Kate Kaibni, editorial assistant, who worked hard to provide us with timely chapter reviews, and Joel Berman, our marketing manager at Prentice Hall, who developed the innovative campaign to make this book a success. We also want to acknowledge our reviewers, who through their comments and constructive criticism, made this a far better book: Robert V. Binder, Robert Binder Systems Consulting, Inc. Dinon Boyer, University of Akron Georgia Brown, Northern Illinois University Jan De Lassen, Brigham Young University Ida M. Flynn, University of Pittsburgh Frank T. Gergelyi, NJIT Ken Goldsmith, University of Miami Tom Gorecki, St. Charles Community College Carol C. Grimm, Palm Beach Community College Monica Holmes, Central Michigan University Ann W. Houck, Pima Community College David Lee James W. Payne, Kellogg Community College Nicholas Ross, University of Illinois at Chicago Wendell I. Pope, Utah State University Daniel H. Rindfleisch, Computer Specialist with Federal Government Daniel R. Rota, Robert Morris College Richard H. Saracusa, Northeastern University Ron Teemley, DeVry Institute of Technology Donat Valcourt, Northeastern University Ron Williams, McLennon Community College Jackie Zucker, University of Miami A final word of thanks to you, our readers, for choosing this book. Please feel free to contact us with any comments or suggestions via email. Robert Grauer rgrauer@umiami.miami Carol Vazquez Villar Arthur R. Buss bussa@william.jewell See all Editorial Reviews

《星河序曲》 引言 在浩瀚无垠的宇宙深处,存在着一个由无数星系、恒星、行星和未知天体构成的宏大交响乐。这首“星河序曲”,不仅仅是物质存在的宏伟展示,更蕴含着宇宙诞生、演化、生命萌发,以及文明兴衰的深刻哲理。本书《星河序曲》将带领读者踏上一场穿越时空的史诗级旅程,从宇宙大爆炸的混沌之初,一直追溯到遥远未来的可能性。我们不只是在仰望星空,而是试图聆听宇宙最深沉的呼吸,理解我们在这壮丽画卷中的位置。 第一章:混沌的黎明——宇宙的起点 故事始于一个难以想象的奇点。时间、空间、物质、能量,一切都凝聚在了一个无限小、无限热、无限密度的点上。然后,一场席卷一切的宇宙大爆炸,将这股原始的力量撕裂开来,瞬间膨胀,创造了我们所知的时空。本章将深入探索宇宙大爆炸理论的最新进展,从量子涨落到暴胀宇宙,揭示那最初一秒钟内发生的翻天覆地的变化。我们将借助天文学家的观测数据,例如宇宙微波背景辐射,来验证这些理论,并探讨宇宙在最初几十万年里如何从炙热的等离子体海洋冷却,形成第一个原子,为后续结构的形成奠定基础。 第二章:星辰的诞生与死亡——宇宙的熔炉 随着宇宙的冷却,引力开始发挥其宏大的作用。微小的密度不均匀性被放大,物质开始聚集,形成巨大的气体云。在这些气体云的内部,压力和温度升高到临界点,点燃了核聚变的火焰——恒星就此诞生。本章将详细介绍恒星的形成过程,从星云坍缩、原恒星的孕育,到主序星阶段的稳定燃烧。我们将了解不同质量的恒星如何拥有截然不同的一生:小恒星缓慢燃烧,最终化为白矮星;而大质量恒星则燃烧得更为炽烈,最终以壮丽的超新星爆炸结束生命,将它们在核心锻造出的重元素散播到宇宙之中。这些重元素,正是构成行星、生命,乃至我们自身的基本砖块。 第三章:星系的舞蹈——宇宙的建筑 恒星并非孤立存在,它们聚集在一起,形成规模庞大的星系。本章将带领读者穿越星系的浩瀚海洋,了解不同类型的星系,如螺旋星系、椭圆星系和不规则星系,以及它们形成和演化的机制。我们将探讨暗物质在星系形成中所扮演的关键角色,它如同无形的骨架,吸引着可见物质聚集,塑造出星系的宏伟结构。星系之间并非静止不动,它们在引力的作用下相互吸引、碰撞、合并,构成一幅不断变化的宇宙画卷。从银河系的宏伟旋臂,到遥远星系碰撞的壮观景象,本章将呈现星系世界的多彩与活力。 第四章:行星的摇篮——生命的序曲 在恒星周围的盘状星系中,尘埃和气体聚集,形成了行星。本章将重点关注行星系统的形成,以及那些可能孕育生命的“宜居带”。我们将深入研究地球生命的起源,从无机物到有机物的演化,从简单的单细胞生物到复杂的多细胞生命,再到智慧生命的出现。地球的独特性,例如拥有液态水、适宜的大气层和稳定的地质活动,将成为我们理解生命存在条件的范例。同时,本章还将探索系外行星的发现,以及科学家们如何通过各种手段搜寻可能存在生命迹象的“第二地球”。 第五章:文明的闪耀与消逝——宇宙的思考 生命不仅仅是化学反应的奇迹,当它发展出意识和智慧,便可能诞生文明。本章将从人类文明的发展历程出发,审视智慧生命可能面临的挑战和机遇。我们将探讨文明的定义,以及不同文明可能的发展路径。从早期人类的篝火,到今天的科技文明,我们经历了从蒙昧到启蒙的漫长过程。然而,宇宙中是否还有其他文明?它们发展到何种程度?是否面临着与我们相似的困境,如资源枯竭、环境破坏或自我毁灭?本章将引发读者对文明永恒性的思考,以及我们在宇宙中的责任。 第六章:未来的未知——宇宙的尽头与超越 宇宙的演化仍在继续,它的未来充满了未知。本章将探讨宇宙的几种可能的终极命运:大撕裂(Big Rip)、大冻结(Big Freeze)或大挤压(Big Crunch)。我们将介绍暗能量在宇宙膨胀中扮演的角色,以及它如何可能决定宇宙的最终结局。更进一步,本章将展望人类文明可能的未来。我们是否能够突破地球的束缚,探索更远的星辰大海?我们是否能够克服自身的局限,实现科技的飞跃,甚至达到某种超越物质存在的状态?从太空移民的设想,到对意识上传和多维空间的猜想,本章将带领读者进行一次大胆的未来畅想。 结语 《星河序曲》并非一本关于宇宙的百科全书,而是一次邀请。它邀请您与作者一同,用科学的眼光,用哲学的思考,去感受宇宙的壮丽,去追问生命的意义。我们所见所感,不过是宇宙宏大乐章中的一小段旋律。然而,正是这些点点滴滴的认知,汇聚成我们对宇宙最深刻的理解。每一次对星空的仰望,都是对自身存在的一次叩问。当我们凝视遥远的星辰,我们也在审视我们自己。愿这本书能点燃您心中对宇宙的好奇之火,激发您对生命和存在的深邃思考。因为,我们都是这壮丽星河中的一部分,共同谱写着这永恒的“星河序曲”。

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坦白说,我花了很长时间才适应这本书的节奏。它不像当代技术书籍那样追求效率,恨不得用图表和流程图在第一页就告诉你所有操作的快捷方式。这本书的行文非常典雅,甚至可以说带着一种文学的韵味,这对于一本讨论“商业数据处理语言”的书来说,实在是一种奇特的组合。它似乎把重点放在了“为什么”而非“怎么做”。书中对结构化编程的早期探索,以及COBOL如何试图将复杂的业务逻辑转化为清晰、易于审计的代码,进行了深入的剖析。我特别欣赏其中关于“数据描述段”的章节,作者用了很多篇幅来阐释如何精确地定义数据类型和格式,这在那个数据一致性至关重要的年代,是保证系统稳定运行的生命线。虽然书中没有提供任何现代IDE的截图或调试技巧,但它构建了一个清晰的思维框架,让我理解了早期程序员面对海量、关键业务数据时,那种如履薄冰的严谨态度。读完这部分,你会对那种对“健壮性”的执着产生一种敬畏感,而不是仅仅将其视为过时的要求。

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这本书的排版和用词选择,给我一种强烈的“时间胶囊”感。它似乎是直接从上世纪七八十年代的某个技术研讨会的记录中提取出来的,语言风格非常正式,充满了学术气息和对规范的尊重。举例来说,当你期待看到一个简洁的函数定义时,书中可能会用一大段文字来解释为什么采用某种特定的数据结构会更符合“长期维护”的原则。我发现,这本书似乎对那些现代编程语言中被简化或隐藏起来的底层内存管理和I/O操作有着特殊的偏爱。它没有直接给出解决方案,而是通过详细的逻辑推演,让你理解在资源极其有限的环境下,如何用最巧妙的方式组织程序。这种“引导式学习”的方法,虽然慢,但效果是深层的——它不是教你如何使用工具,而是让你理解工具背后的哲学。对于那些习惯了高级抽象的人来说,这无疑是一种挑战,但正是在这种挑战中,我开始重新审视我们现在习以为常的便利性,到底是以什么样的代价换来的。

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我必须承认,这本书的阅读体验是相当“碎片化”的,它更像是一系列相互关联的深度论文集合,而不是一个线性的教程。它似乎默认读者已经对计算机体系结构有了一定的基础认知,因此在解释某些概念时,跳跃性较大,需要读者具备一定的背景知识来填补空白。我个人的阅读习惯是喜欢被清晰的章节标题和明确的学习路径所引导,但这本书显然不是这样。它更像是直接向你展示了特定历史时期解决特定商业问题的思维模型。比如,它花了大量篇幅去讨论如何处理固定宽度记录的批处理作业,以及如何设计一个能跨越几十年都不会因为数据格式变化而崩溃的报告系统。整本书散发出一种“为永恒而设计”的气息。它没有教我今天如何写一个Web服务,但它深刻地阐述了,在那个“一次部署,数十年运行”的时代,程序员肩上担负的重量,以及他们如何用有限的工具,去构建那些至今仍在默默支撑着全球经济的系统骨架。

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这本书的封面设计得十分复古,那种深蓝底配上烫金的字体,让人一眼就能感受到它沉甸甸的历史感。我一开始翻开它,心里其实是忐忑的,毕竟“COBOL”这个名字本身就带着一种旧时代的烙印,我担心它会是一本晦涩难懂的技术手册,充满了只有资深工程师才能理解的行话和枯燥的语法解析。然而,这本书的叙事方式非常出乎我的意料。它并非那种冷冰冰的编程指南,而是像一位经验丰富的老前辈在娓娓道来一个时代的变迁。作者似乎花费了大量篇幅来描绘那个没有图形界面的年代,计算机是如何一步步融入商业和金融的核心运作的。通过一些生动的案例,比如早期银行系统的搭建过程,我仿佛能看到那些笨重的穿孔卡片如何被机器读取,数据是如何在磁带间穿梭。这种侧重于“历史背景”和“应用哲学”的写作手法,使得即便是对底层代码不甚了解的读者,也能从中体会到这项技术在那个特定历史时期所扮演的独特角色。它没有深入到具体的`MOVE`或`PERFORM`语句细节,而是着重于讲解COBOL作为一种“商业语言”的底层设计理念,强调其对可读性和稳定性的极致追求,这在现代快速迭代的编程世界中,显得尤为珍贵。

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这本书的价值,更多地体现在它对“软件工程伦理”的探讨上,而非单纯的技术实现。它避开了具体的语法细节,转而关注当一项技术被用于处理国家级或全球性金融交易时,其设计者必须承担的责任。书中的案例分析,往往聚焦于那些因设计缺陷而非编程错误导致的巨大商业损失,这迫使读者去思考代码的“社会影响”。例如,书中对比了不同组织在处理闰年或特定日期截止点时的代码策略差异,展现了在没有统一标准的情况下,如何通过语言特性来强制推行一致性的努力。我注意到,书中对面向对象等新范式的态度是持保留意见的,更多地强调了基于过程的、自上而下的清晰流程的重要性。这种保守而审慎的立场,在如今追求敏捷和快速迭代的环境下,提供了一种截然不同的视角,让人反思,在追求速度的同时,我们是否牺牲了必要的、长期的稳定性考量。

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