In Life in Common Tzvetan Todorov explores the construction of the self and offers new perspectives on current debates about otherness. Through the seventeenth century, solitude was considered the human condition in the Western philosophical tradition. The self was not dependent on others to perceive itself as complete. Todorov sees a reversal of this thinking beginning with the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau in the eighteenth century. For the first time the self was defined as incomplete without the other, and the gaze no longer served only to satisfy personal vanity but constituted the fundamental requisite for human identity. Todorov traces the far-reaching implications of Rousseau's new vision of the self and society through the political, philosophical, and psychoanalytical theories of Adam Smith, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Georges Bataille, Melanie Klein, and others, and the relevant literary works of Karl Philipp Moritz, the Marquis de Sade, and Marcel Proust. In an original study of the bond between parent and child, Todorov develops a compelling vision of the self as social. Tzvetan Todorov is the author of numerous works, including Facing the Extreme: Moral Life in the Concentration Camps. Katherine Golsan is an associate professor of French at the University of the Pacific and translator of Fascism and Communism by Francois Furet and Ernst Nolte. Lucy Golsan is a retired professor of French. Her translations include Memory, the Holocaust, and French Justice: The Bousquet and Touvier Affairs.
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Todorov这本书从哲学史、发展心理学、精神分析和文学几个层面推敲人类学意义上的一种人类本性，recognition。他认为在人的存在（existence）层面（他把人的需要分成being, living和existence三层），人们普遍以不同的形态牵涉到求认同（拒绝求认同也是求认同的一种方式）问题。...
评分Todorov这本书从哲学史、发展心理学、精神分析和文学几个层面推敲人类学意义上的一种人类本性，recognition。他认为在人的存在（existence）层面（他把人的需要分成being, living和existence三层），人们普遍以不同的形态牵涉到求认同（拒绝求认同也是求认同的一种方式）问题。...
评分Todorov这本书从哲学史、发展心理学、精神分析和文学几个层面推敲人类学意义上的一种人类本性，recognition。他认为在人的存在（existence）层面（他把人的需要分成being, living和existence三层），人们普遍以不同的形态牵涉到求认同（拒绝求认同也是求认同的一种方式）问题。...
评分Todorov这本书从哲学史、发展心理学、精神分析和文学几个层面推敲人类学意义上的一种人类本性，recognition。他认为在人的存在（existence）层面（他把人的需要分成being, living和existence三层），人们普遍以不同的形态牵涉到求认同（拒绝求认同也是求认同的一种方式）问题。...
评分Todorov这本书从哲学史、发展心理学、精神分析和文学几个层面推敲人类学意义上的一种人类本性，recognition。他认为在人的存在（existence）层面（他把人的需要分成being, living和existence三层），人们普遍以不同的形态牵涉到求认同（拒绝求认同也是求认同的一种方式）问题。...
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