具体描述
Over the last two decades, the study of speciation has expanded from a modest backwater of evolutionary biology into a large and vigorous discipline. Thus, the literature on speciation, as well as the number of researchers and students working in this area, has grown explosively. Despite these developments, there has been no book-length treatment of speciation in many years. As a result, both the seasoned scholar and the newcomer to evolutionary biology had no ready guide to the recent literature on speciation—a body of work that is enormous, scattered, and increasingly technical. Although several excellent symposium volumes have recently appeared, these collections do not provide a unified, critical, and up-to-date overview of the field. Speciation is designed to fill this gap.
Aimed at professional biologists, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates, Speciation covers both plants and animals (the first book on this subject to do so), and deals with all relevant areas of research, including biogeography, field work, systematics, theory, and genetic and molecular studies. It gives special emphasis to topics that are either controversial or the subject of active research, including sympatric speciation, reinforcement, the role of hybridization in speciation, the search for genes causing reproductive isolation, and mounting evidence for the role of natural and sexual selection in the origin of species. The authors do not hesitate to take stands on these and other controversial issues. This critical and scholarly book will be invaluable to researchers in evolutionary biology and is also ideal for a graduate-level course on speciation.
作者简介
Jerry A. Coyne is Professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolution at the University of Chicago. He earned his Ph.D. (Biology) at Harvard University, followed by an NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship in the Department of Genetics at the University of California, Davis. He has taught undergraduate and graduate courses spanning a wide range of topics, including evolutionary biology, speciation, genetic analysis, social issues and scientific knowledge, and scientific speaking and writing. Dr. Coyne was awarded a Guggenheim fellowship in 1989. He has served as Vice President of the Society for the Study of Evolution (1996) and as Associate Editor of Evolution (1985-1988; 1994-2000) and The American Naturalist (1990-1993). His work is widely published, not only in scientific journals, but in such mainstream venues as The New York Times, the Times Literary Supplement, and The New Republic. His research interests include population and evolutionary genetics, speciation, ecological and quantitative genetics, chromosome evolution, and sperm competition.
H. Allen Orr is Professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Rochester, where he has taught courses in evolution, quantitative and population genetics, evolutionary genetics, and speciation. He completed his Ph.D. in Ecology and Evolution at the University of Chicago and undertook postdoctoral study at the University of California, Davis. Dr. Orr was awarded both the Young Investigator Prize (American Society of Naturalists, 1992) and the Dobzhansky Prize (Society for the Study of Evolution, 1993). Other honors include the David and Lucile Packard Fellowship in Science and Engineering (1995-2000) and a Guggenheim fellowship (2000-2001). Dr. Orr has served on the editorial boards of Evolution (1998-2000) and Genetical Research (1996-present), authored or coauthored numerous articles in scientific journals, and been a frequent contributor of book reviews and critical essays to such publications as The New York Review of Books, The New Yorker, and Boston Review. His research interests include population genetics, the genetics of speciation in Drosophila, and the genetics of adaptation.
目录信息
1. Species: Reality and Concepts
The Reality of Species
Sexually reproducing eukaryotic taxa
Groups with little or no sexual reproduction
Conclusions
Species Concepts
The biological species concept (BSC)
Advantages of the BSC
Problems with the BSC
Other species concepts
Why Are There Species?
2. Studying Speciation
The Problem of Speciation
Identifying and Measuring Reproductive Isolation
Absolute strength of isolating barriers
Relative strength of isolating barriers
Prezygotic versus postzygotic isolation
Which isolating barriers caused speciation?
Comparative Studies of Isolating Barriers
How fast does reproductive isolation appear?
Which traits promote the evolution of reproductive isolation?
3. Allopatric and Parapatric Speciation
Allopatric Speciation
Vicariant speciation
Peripatric speciation
Parapatric Speciation
Theory
Experimental evidence
Evidence from nature
Conclusions
4. Sympatric Speciation
Theory
Disruptive sexual selection
Disruptive natural selection
Conclusions
Experimental Evidence
Evidence from Nature
Evidence from habitat "islands"
Evidence from host races and host-specific species
Allochronic (temporal) isolation in sympatry
Comparative studies of the biogeography of speciation
Conclusions
5. Ecological Isolation
Habitat Isolation
Detecting and measuring habitat isolation
The problem of allopatry
Examples of habitat isolation
Relative importance of habitat isolation
The evolution of habitat isolation
The genetics of habitat isolation
Pollinator (Floral) Isolation
Detecting and measuring pollinator isolation
Examples of pollinator isolation
Relative importance of pollinator isolation
The evolution of pollinator isolation
The genetics of pollinator isolation
Temporal (Allochronic) Isolation
Detecting and measuring temporal isolation
Examples of temporal isolation
Relative importance of temporal isolation
The evolution of temporal isolation
The genetics of temporal isolation
Conclusions
6. Behavioral and Nonecological Isolation
Mating System "Isolation"
Behavioral Isolation
Detecting and measuring behavioral isolation
Examples of behavioral isolation
Relative importance of behavioral isolation
The evolution of behavioral isolation
The genetics of behavioral isolation
Mechanical Isolation
Examples of mechanical isolation
Relative importance of mechanical isolation
The evolution of mechanical isolation
The genetics of mechanical isolation
Gametic (Postmating, Prezygotic) Isolation
Examples of gametic isolation
Relative importance of gametic isolation
The evolution of gametic isolation
Conclusions
7. Postzygotic Isolation
Extrinsic Postzygotic Isolation
Intrinsic Postzygotic Isolation
The Frequency of Various Forms of Postzygotic Isolation
The Evolution of Extrinsic versus Intrinsic Postzygotic Isolation
Genetic Modes of Intrinsic Postzygotic Isolation
Chromosomal speciation: theory
Chromosomal speciation: data
Genic incompatibilities
The evolution of genic incompatibilities: the Dobzhansky-Muller model
Mathematical models of genic speciation
Wolbachia and cytoplasmic incompatibility
Conclusions
8. The Genetics of Postzygotic Isolation
Haldane's Rule
The phenomenon
The causes of Haldane's rule
Conclusions
The Genetic Basis of Postzygotic Isolation
How many genes cause postzygotic isolation?
Complexity of hybrid incompatibilities
Probability of hybrid incompatibilities
Where are the genes causing postzygotic isolation?
Developmental basis of postzygotic isolation
Are duplicate genes important?
Which genes cause postzygotic isolation?
9. Polyploidy and Hybrid Speciation
Polyploidy
Classification
Pathways to polyploidy
Incidence
Frequency of auto- versus allopolyploidy
Ecology and persistence
Why is polyploidy rarer in animals than in plants?
Recombinational Speciation
What is recombinational speciation?
Theory
The data: frequency and artificial hybrids
The data: natural recombinational speciation
The data meet the theory
10. Reinforcement
The Data
Selection experiments
Evidence from nature: case studies
Evidence from nature: comparative studies
Reinforcement of postzygotic isolation
The Theory
Early enthusiasm
Objections to reinforcement
The revival of reinforcement
Alternative Explanations
Publication bias
Differential fusion
Direct ecological effects
Ecological character displacement
Runaway sexual selection
Sympatric speciation
Distinguishing the Alternatives
11. Selection versus Drift
Speciation by Selection
Natural selection
Sexual selection
Mathematical theories of selection-based speciation
Speciation by Drift
Peak shift models
Theoretical Criticisms
Recent Peak Shift Models
The Data
Evidence from the laboratory
Evidence from nature
Conclusions
12. Speciation and Macroevolution
Rates of Speciation
What is a speciation rate?
Theory and speciation rates
Calculating speciation intervals
Extreme rates of speciation
What is the effect of biogeography?
Conclusions
Factors Affecting Speciation Rates
Tests for the effects of key factors
Distinguishing speciation from extinction
The data
Conclusions
Species Selection
Appendix. A Catalogue and Critique of Species Concepts
Genotypic Cluster Species Concept
Recognition Species Concept
Cohesion Species Concept
Evolutionary Species Concept
Ecological Species Concept
Phylogenetic Species Concepts
References
Author Index
Subject Index
· · · · · · (收起)
读后感
用户评价
这本书的叙事节奏把握得相当精妙，它不像某些严肃的学术著作那样步履蹒跚，倒也不是那种轻浮的“快餐式”科普读物。作者很懂得何时该放慢笔速，深入挖掘一个关键的实验或一次伟大的田野考察的细节，以及何时该加快步伐，快速勾勒出更宏观的演化趋势。尤其是在讨论那些具有里程碑意义的科学家们的工作时，书中描绘的不仅仅是他们的理论成果，更是他们当时所处的时代背景、面临的质疑，甚至是他们个人的性格特质如何影响了他们的研究方向。这种将科学史与科学内容有机结合的处理方式，让整个阅读过程充满了戏剧张力。我记得有一章专门讲了某个偏远岛屿上奇特鸟类的喙部形态变化，作者用近乎侦探小说的笔法，层层剥开环境变化如何无形中“投票”给特定的适应性状，直至形成新的物种壁垒。这种叙述手法极大地激发了我的好奇心，让我意识到生物多样性的每一次分支，背后都隐藏着无数个精确计算过的“如果”与“不然”。
如果非要找一个可以讨论的点，那就是这本书的某些章节在涉及新兴的分子生物学证据时，其深度略显保守，也许是出于保持整体叙事连贯性的考虑。当然，这绝不是批评，而更像是一种期待。毕竟，我们现在对基因组学和分子钟的理解正在飞速发展，它们为我们理解物种形成提供了前所未有的微观视角。书中对这些前沿领域的介绍是扎实且准确的，但对于那些渴望深入探索DNA层面的驱动力如何加速或减缓物种分化的读者来说，可能会觉得意犹未尽。不过话又说回来，这本书的核心价值在于构建一个宏大且坚实的演化框架，它成功地做到了这一点，并为初学者和进阶读者都提供了极佳的参照系。它成功地将一个看似遥远、抽象的科学概念，拉近到我们日常经验可以触及的范围，让我看完之后，看窗外的一只麻雀，都会多一层对“它如何成为今天的它”的思考。这无疑是一本能改变你看待世界方式的佳作。
这本书的封面设计着实吸引人，那种深邃的蓝色调，配上抽象的、仿佛细胞分裂又像是星云爆发的图形，一下子就把我带入了一种对生命起源和演化充满敬畏的氛围中。我一直对宏大的生命科学叙事很感兴趣，但坦白说，很多科普读物在试图解释复杂概念时，往往会陷入枯燥的术语堆砌，或者为了追求通俗而过度简化，导致关键的科学深度被牺牲。然而，这本书在处理这些平衡时，展现出一种令人惊喜的成熟度。作者似乎非常擅长在精准的科学描述和引人入胜的故事叙述之间架起一座坚实的桥梁。我特别喜欢它对“时间”这个维度的处理，不是简单地罗列地质年代，而是通过生动的案例，比如冰川消融后被隔离开的物种种群，或者火山爆发后形成的孤立生态系统，来具象化“隔离”和“选择压力”是如何一步步雕刻出新的物种的。这使得那些原本只存在于教科书上的理论，瞬间变得鲜活可感，让人忍不住想去追溯每一个物种演化的细微脉络。读完第一部分，我感觉自己仿佛穿越了数百万年，亲眼目睹了那些决定性的转折点，那份震撼感是难以言喻的。
阅读体验中，我注意到作者在语言运用上有一种罕见的克制与力量感。它既有严谨的学术骨架，支撑起科学论证的逻辑链条，同时又辅以极富画面感的文字描摹，让读者即便面对复杂的遗传学概念，也能构建出清晰的内部图像。例如，在解释“生殖隔离”机制时，作者并未直接抛出定义，而是设计了一个巧妙的类比，将不同物种间交配行为的细微差异，比作两把钥匙即使形状相似，也无法开启对方锁芯的精密过程。这种恰到好处的修辞，极大地降低了理解的门槛，但又避免了对科学本质的阉割。更难能可贵的是，书中对那些仍在争议中的前沿领域也保持了必要的审慎态度，没有武断地下结论，而是清晰地展示了现有证据的局限性以及未来可能的研究方向。这种科学的诚实，让我对作者的专业素养油然而生敬意，也让我对生物演化的复杂性有了更深一层的体会——科学的进步，往往是建立在不断修正和完善基础之上的持续探索。
这本书的排版和配图质量，也极大地提升了我的阅读体验。通常情况下，科普书的插图要么是廉价的、像素感十足的线条图，要么就是过于饱和、失真的彩图。但这本书的插图选择非常考究，无论是绘制精美的古代生物复原图，还是那些年代久远的原始研究手稿扫描件，都仿佛是精心挑选的艺术品。特别是那些展现地理隔离和物种迁移路径的地图，不仅清晰易懂，其美术设计本身也融入了主题的韵味。它们不仅仅是知识点的辅助说明，更是视觉上的补充叙事，引导读者的思维沿着作者设定的路径前进。我发现自己常常会因为一张特别精美的细胞结构图或者某个化石的特写照片而停下来，仔细揣摩其细节。这种对视觉呈现的重视，无疑是对“整体体验”的追求，它表明作者和出版方都深知，要讲述一个关于“变化与形成”的故事，视觉的引导是多么重要。这使得即便是那些需要集中精力去理解的复杂章节，也能在视觉的缓冲下，变得更容易消化和吸收。
要了解speciation必读吧，尽管不能完全take in all the message，但总体值得一读
要了解speciation必读吧，尽管不能完全take in all the message，但总体值得一读
要了解speciation必读吧，尽管不能完全take in all the message，但总体值得一读
要了解speciation必读吧，尽管不能完全take in all the message，但总体值得一读
要了解speciation必读吧，尽管不能完全take in all the message，但总体值得一读
