The primary aim of this book is to provide a guide to current practice and equipment for non-specialist surveyors in the various professions involved in the construction industry and the environment. It is suitable for students preparing for degrees and diplomas in architecture, building, building surveying, quantity surveying, estate management and town planning and environmental studies. It is also of value to engineers who are not specialising in engineering surveying. This book has been thoroughly revised to include new topics such as OS digital mapping, standard deviation and standard error, global positioning systems, transition and vertical curves. Walter Whyte was born in New Zealand of Scottish parents and educated in Scotland. He worked on site and building surveys in Scotland. He worked on site and building surveys in Scotland, then on road survey and setting out in the North Nyanza and Uasin Gishu Provinces of Kenya, and as a road engineer in British Southern Cameroons and Northern Nigeria, De Montford University in the UK and latterly at City University, Hong Kong. Raymond E Paul has been professionally involved in surveying for over 40 years as a land and cartographical surveyor, senior lecturer and author. He has a wealth of practical experience and an awareness of the needs of the intended users of this book from all corners of the globe. It is thoroughly revised, up to date and completely reset in an easily readable style. Virtually all chapters have been rewritten and the contents rearranged to allow easy reference to individual topics.