Every economics textbook says the same thing: Money was invented to replace onerous and complicated barter systems—to relieve ancient people from having to haul their goods to market. The problem with this version of history? There’s not a shred of evidence to support it.
Here anthropologist David Graeber presents a stunning reversal of conventional wisdom. He shows that 5,000 years ago, during the beginning of the agrarian empires, humans have used elaborate credit systems. It is in this era, Graeber shows, that we also first encounter a society divided into debtors and creditors.
With the passage of time, however, virtual credit money was replaced by gold and silver coins—and the system as a whole began to decline. Interest rates spiked and the indebted became slaves. And the system perpetuated itself with tremendously violent consequences, with only the rare intervention of kings and churches keeping the system from spiraling out of control. Debt: The First 5,000 Years is a fascinating chronicle of this little known history—as well as how it has defined human history, and what it means for the credit crisis of the present day and the future of our economy.
DAVID GRAEBER teaches anthropology at Goldsmiths College, University of London. He is the author of Towards an Anthropological Theory of Value, Lost People, and Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion, and Desire. He has written for Harper’s, The Nation, Mute, and The New Left Review.
最初想看这书,是不知在哪里看到一个理论,债是经济的根源,以及货币体系就是债的体系,想想很有道理,于是想深入的了解债,而这本书的口碑还不错,然而深入看起来之后,感觉这么一本500多页的书没有太多实质性的东西,更多是一种宣泄,再加上翻译水平一般,晦涩难懂。 他是占...
评分首先作者一上来就推翻了古典经济学家关于货币起源的观点:以物易物-》以货币易物。从人类学家,历史学家来观察,作者观察到货币起源是这样的:以债易物-》政府规范债-》创造货币。这样货币的必要性,合法性跟政府是有很大关系的,从根本上怀疑了自由市场鼓吹者的根基。 ...
评分如果你以为这是一本经济学著作,那你就错了。 如果我知道这是一个人类学家写的书,我可能连翻阅的兴趣都没有。 这本书最容易引起人阅读兴趣的地方就在第一章第三页,作者对四个关键字——欠债还钱——的质疑。 欠债还钱,_ _ _ _。 空格上填什么?99%的人会写“天经地...
评分- 记录债务的信用体系发生在货币以前,货币是为方便转移债务而发明。以物换物只发生在陌生人之间。 - 金银是战争的同谋,而不是和平的附属。 - 按照虚拟货币和金属货币的交易为依据,把欧亚史分为第一农耕帝国时代(前3500-前800,庙宇里的贵金属是国家系统的基石,陶片记债法...
评分最初想看这书,是不知在哪里看到一个理论,债是经济的根源,以及货币体系就是债的体系,想想很有道理,于是想深入的了解债,而这本书的口碑还不错,然而深入看起来之后,感觉这么一本500多页的书没有太多实质性的东西,更多是一种宣泄,再加上翻译水平一般,晦涩难懂。 他是占...
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