Many introductions to this field start with the problem of justifying scientific knowledge but Alexander Bird begins by examining the subject matter, or metaphysics, of science. Using topical scientific debates he vividly elucidates what it is for the world to be governed by laws of nature. This idea provides the basis for explanations and causes and leads to a discussion of natural kinds and theoretical entities. With this foundation in place he goes on to consider the epistemological issues of how science arrives at knowledge, favouring a treatment of scientific reasoning based on inference to the best explanation. Drawing on contemporary work in epistemology, Bird argues that scepticism about induction should not be a problem for science and examines the consequences of this position for controversies surrounding the ideas of scientific progress and scientific revolution. Bird's insightful treatment makes Philosophy of Science an ideal text for undergraduate courses. The guides to further reading provided in each chapter help the reader pursue interesting topics and facilitate the use of the book in conjunction with primary sources.

亚历山大·伯德，1964年出生于英国，1983—1986年在牛津圣约翰学院攻读哲学、政治学和经济学，1986—1987年在慕尼黑大学学习，1987—1991年先后在剑桥大学圣埃德蒙学院和皇家学院学习，并在科学史与科学哲学系获哲学硕士和哲学博士学位，毕业后在文职部门从事统一欧洲市场与农业公共政策方面的管理工作，1993年到爱丁堡大学任职，后来曾任哲学系主任，现任布里斯托大学哲学教授。主要从事科学的形而上学和认识论方面的教学和研究工作，出版有《科学哲学》、《托马斯·库恩》等著作。